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magnesite
Magnesite is a mineral with the chemical formula MgCO3 (magnesium carbonate). Mixed crystals of iron(II) carbonate and magnesite (mixed crystals known as ankerite) possess a layered structure: monolayers of carbonate groups alternate with magnesium monolayers as well as iron(II) carbonate monolayers.〔Beran, A. and Zemann, J. (1977): Refinement and comparison of the crystal structures of dolomite and of an Fe-rich ankerite. Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, vol.24, pp.279-286.〕 Manganese, cobalt and nickel may also occur in small amounts.
== Occurrence ==
Magnesite occurs as veins in and an alteration product of ultramafic rocks, serpentinite and other magnesium rich rock types in both contact and regional metamorphic terrains. These magnesites often are cryptocrystalline and contain silica in the form of opal or chert.
Magnesite is also present within the regolith above ultramafic rocks as a secondary carbonate within soil and subsoil, where it is deposited as a consequence of dissolution of magnesium-bearing minerals by carbon dioxide within groundwaters.
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