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mahamudra
Mahāmudrā (Sanskrit, Tibetan: ''Chagchen'', Wylie: ''phyag chen'', contraction of ''Chagya Chenpo'', Wylie: ''phyag rgya chen po'') literally means "great seal" or "great symbol." It "is a multivalent term of great importance in later Indian Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism" which "also occurs occasionally in Hindu and East Asian Buddhist esotericism."〔"Mahāmudrā" by Roger R. Jackson. ''Encyclopedia of Religion, 2nd edition'' Gacl: 2005 ISBN 0-02-865733-0. pg 5596〕
The name refers to a body of teachings representing the culmination of all the practices of the Sarma schools of Tibetan Buddhism, who believe it to be the quintessential message of all of their sacred texts. The ''mudra'' portion denotes that in an adept's experience of reality, each phenomenon appears vividly, and the ''maha'' portion refers to the fact that it is beyond concept, imagination, and projection.〔Reginald Ray, ''Secret of the Vajra World''. Shambhala 2001, page 261.〕
==History and semantic field==
The usage and meaning of the term ''mahāmudrā'' evolved over the course of hundreds of years of Indian and Tibetan history, and as a result, the term may refer variously to "a ritual hand-gesture, one of a sequence of 'seals' in Tantric practice, the nature of reality as emptiness, a meditation procedure focusing on the nature of Mind, an innate blissful gnosis cognizing emptiness nondually, or the supreme attainment of buddhahood at the culmination of the Tantric path."〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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