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maharaja
Mahārāja ((サンスクリット:महाराज), also spelled maharajah) is a Sanskrit title for a "great ruler", "great king" or "high king". Rana or Maharana has been practically equivalent title to Maharaja. The female equivalent title Maharani (or Maharanee, Mahārājñī) denotes either the wife of a Maharaja or Maharana, and also in states where that was customary, a woman ruling in her own right the equivalent title was Maharani. The widow of a Maharaja is known as a Rajmata (Queen mother).〔Hansdev Patel (1998) ''Royal Families and Palaces of Gujarat''. Scorpion Cavendish. ISBN 1-900269-20-1.〕 The term Maharaj denotes separate noble and religious offices, although the fact that in Hindi the suffix 'a' in Maharaja is silent makes the two titles near homophones.
==Etymology==
The word ''Maharaja'' originates in the Sanskrit language and is a compound karmadharaya term (from ''mahānt'' "great" and ''rājan'' "ruler", "king"). It has the Latin cognates (accusative case) ''magnum'' ("great") and ''rex'' ("king"). Due to Sanskrit's major influence on the vocabulary of most languages in India and Asia, the term 'maharaja' is common to many modern Indian languages, such as Kannada, Tamil, Hindi, Marathi, Rajasthani, Malvi, Telugu, Odia, Punjabi, Bengali, Gujarati, etc.
The Sanskrit title maharaja was originally used only for rulers who ruled a considerably large region with minor tributary rulers under them. Since the mediaeval times the title was used even by rulers of smaller states since they claimed to be the descendants of the ancient maharajas.
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