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maitotoxin
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Maitotoxin (or MTX) is an extremely potent toxin produced by ''Gambierdiscus toxicus'', a dinoflagellate species. Maitotoxin is so potent that it has been demonstrated that an intraperitoneal injection of 0.13 µg/kg was lethal in mice. Maitotoxin was named from the ciguateric fish ''Ctenochaetus striatus''—called "maito" in Tahiti—from which maitotoxin was isolated for the first time. It was later shown that maitotoxin is actually produced by ''Gambierdiscus toxicus''.
== Mechanism of toxicity ==
Maitotoxin activates extracellular calcium channels, leading to an increase in levels of cytosolic Ca2+ ions. It is thought that maitotoxin leads to the formation of pores on these ion channels. Ultimately, a cell death cascade is activated, resulting in membrane blebbing and eventually cell lysis. Maitotoxin can indirectly activate calcium-binding proteases calpain-1 and calpain-2, contributing to necrosis. The toxicity of maitotoxin in mice is the highest for nonprotein toxins: the LD50 is 50 ng/kg.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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