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makhtesh
A makhtesh ( ((:maχˈteʃ)), plural: ((:ˈmaχtəˌʃim)) – ''Makhteshim'') is a geological landform considered unique to the Negev desert of Israel and the Sinai peninsula of Egypt. A makhtesh has steep walls of resistant rock surrounding a deep closed valley which is usually drained by a single wadi. The valleys have limited vegetation and soil, containing a variety of different colored rocks and diverse fauna and flora. The best known and largest makhtesh is Makhtesh Ramon.
==Etymology==
Although commonly referred to as "craters," these formations are "erosion cirques" (steephead valleys or box canyons). Craters are formed by the impact of a meteor or volcanic eruption, whereas makhteshim are created by erosion.〔(Desert ecology: Naming )〕
The word makhtesh is the Hebrew word for a mortar grinder (מַכְתֵּשׁ). 〔(Safa-Ivrit Hebrew Dictionary: מכתש ) ''(Hebrew)''〕 The geological landform was given this name, because of its similarity to a grinding bowl.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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