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makhzen
Makhzen (Moroccan Arabic: , Berber: ''Elmexzen'' / ''Eřmexzen'') is the governing institution in Morocco and in pre-1957 Tunisia, centered on the king and consisting of royal notables, top-ranking military personnel, landowners, security service bosses, civil servants and other well-connected members of the establishment.
==Etymology==
The word ''makhzen'' literally means "warehouse" in North African Arabic (from ''ḵazana'' ‘store up.’〔NOAD〕), where the king's civil servants used to receive their wages; but this usage of the word became in Moroccan Arabic synonymous with the elite. It is likely a metonymy related to taxes, which the ''makhzen'' used to collect; the term may also refer to the state, but this usage is increasingly rare and is primarily used by the older generation. Recently, the term is also being used to describe the police.
The word has also been adopted into Spanish, Portuguese with a different meaning, as ''almacén'' and ''armazem'' (with addition of the Arabic article ''al-''), and into French and Italian as ''magasin'' (meaning "store") and ''magazzino''. It came into the English language from Middle French as ''magazine'', originally referring to a storehouse for ammunition and later to publications.
In the Berber culture of Morocco, the Berber equivalent of "mekhzen" (warehouse) would be "agadir". Berber tribes also considered the "agadir" (warehouse of the tribe's crops and valuables) as a powerhouse guarded and managed through a legal system.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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