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or is the top division of the six divisions of professional sumo. Its size is fixed at 42 wrestlers (''rikishi''), ordered into five ranks according to their ability as defined by their performance in previous tournaments. This is the only division that is featured on NHK's standard live coverage of sumo tournaments. The lower divisions are shown on their satellite coverage, with only the ''makuuchi'' broadcast having bilingual commentary in English. ''Makuuchi'' literally means "inside the curtain", a reference to the early period of professional sumo, when there was a curtained-off area reserved for the top ranked wrestlers to sit before appearing for their bouts. Wrestlers are considered for promotion or demotion in rank before each grand tournament according to their performance in the one previous. Generally, a greater number of wins than losses (''kachi-koshi'') results in a promotion, and the reverse (''make-koshi'') results in demotion. There are stricter criteria for promotion to the top two ranks, which are also privileged when considered for demotion. ==Overview== At the top fixed positions of the division are the, "titleholder" or ''san'yaku'' ranks of ''yokozuna'', ''ōzeki'', ''sekiwake'' and ''komusubi''. There are typically 8–12 ''san'yaku'' wrestlers, with the remainder, called ''maegashira'', ranked in numerical order from 1 downwards. literally means "the three ranks", even though it actually comprises four ranks. The discrepancy arose because the ''yokozuna'' was traditionally regarded as an ''ōzeki'' with a special license to wear a particular rope around his waist and perform a distinctive ring entry ceremony. In modern use ''san'yaku'' has a somewhat flexible definition. This is largely because the top two ranks of ''yokozuna'' and ''ōzeki'' have distinctive differences from the lower two ranks and from each other. Therefore a reference to ''san'yaku'' can sometimes mean only the bottom three ranks, or in other cases only ''sekiwake'' and ''komusubi''. There must be at least one ''sekiwake'' and ''komusubi'' on each side of the ''banzuke'', normally 2 total, but there may be more. Although there is usually a ''yokozuna'' there is no requirement for one, and it has sometimes happened that no active ''yokozuna'' or no ''ōzeki'' were listed in the ranks. If there is more than one ''yokozuna'' but only one ''ōzeki'', the lower rank will be filled out by designating one of the ''yokozuna'' as ''yokozuna-ōzeki''. There is no recorded instance of there being fewer than two ''yokozuna'' and ''ōzeki'' in total. There are a number of privileges and responsibilities associated with the ''san'yaku'' ranks. Any wrestler who reaches one of them is entitled to purchase one of the membership shares in the Japan Sumo Association, regardless of the total number of tournaments they have spent in the top ''makuuchi'' division. They may be called on to represent all sumo wrestlers on certain occasions. For example, when the president of the Sumo Association makes a formal speech on the opening and closing days of a tournament, he is flanked by all the ''san'yaku'' wrestlers in their ''mawashi''. Similarly they may be called to assist in welcoming a VIP, such as the Emperor, to the arena. The ''san'yaku'' can be split into two groups: The senior ''yokozuna'' and ''ōzeki'', and junior ''sekiwake'' and ''komusubi''. The former group have special promotion criteria and higher salaries, and have additional perks such as a higher number of junior wrestlers to assist them, an entitlement to park in the Sumo Association compound and voting rights in the election for Association directors. Senior ''yokozuna'' and ''ōzeki'' also have added responsibilities. They are expected to represent wrestler views to the Association, assist in advertising events and meet event sponsors. The latter group, ''sekiwake'' and ''komusubi'', have lesser responsibilities and are still eligible for one of the three special prizes, or ''sanshō'' that are awarded for exceptional performance at the end of each tournament. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「makuuchi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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