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Mammon , in the New Testament of the Bible, is greed or material wealth, and in the Middle Ages was often personified as a deity, and sometimes included in the seven princes of Hell. ==Etymology== Scholars do not agree about its etymology,〔 but it is theorized that Mammon derives from Late Latin ''mammon'', from Greek "μαμμωνάς ''mammonas''", Syriac ''mámóna'' ("riches"),〔''Webster's Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged'': Publishers International Press, New York, 1977.〕 Aramaic ''mamon'' ("riches, money"),〔Hastings, James, ed.; New York, Scribners, 1908–1921, (''Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics'' ), Volume 8:374〕〔John Parkhurst, Edition 5, 1809, Oxford University, (''A Greek and English lexicon to the New Testament. To this is prefixed a Greek grammar,'' ) p414 (Aramaic = Chaldee)〕 a loanword from Mishnaic Hebrew ממון (mamôn) meaning money,〔Michael Sokoloff, JHU Press, Jan 3, 2003, (''A Dictionary of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic of the Talmudic and Geonic Periods,'' ) p.682〕〔(Translation and definition "ממון", Dictionary Hebrew–English online ) (Modern Hebrew)〕〔Howard H. Covitz, PhD, March 30, 2000, (''Shabbos and Proper Nouns'' ): "When scriptural translators chose not to translate ממון (mammon), this common Babylonian-exile word for money, they effectively neutered the Galilean’s admonition against idolizing riches, against wealth-worship, by thus-making scripture resonate with proscriptions against another transgression, against the worship of strange Gods."〕 wealth, or possessions;〔R. T. France, "God and Mammon" in ''The Evangelical Quarterly'', Vol. 51 (Jan.–Mar. 1979), p. 9〕 although it may also have meant "that in which one trusts".〔 The word is unknown in Old Testament Hebrew, but has been found in the Qumran documents. According to the Textus Receptus of the New Testament,〔F.H.A. Scrivener, ed., ''The New Testament in Greek'' (London: Cambridge University Press, 1949)〕 the Greek word translated "Mammon" is spelled μαμμωνᾷ in the Sermon on the Mount at Matt. 6:24, and μαμωνᾶ (from μαμωνᾶς) in the parable of the Unjust Steward at Luke 16:9,11,13. The 27th edition of the popular Critical Text of the New Testament〔Barbara and Kurt Aland et al, eds., ''Novum Testamentum Graece'' (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2006)〕 has μαμωνᾶ in all four places with no indication of any textual variances, thereby ignoring the Textus Receptus reading at Matt. 6:24. The Liddell and Scott Lexicon〔Henry George Liddell and Robert Scott, compilers, London, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1889, (''A Greek-English Lexicon'' ) (15 May 2015)〕 has a listing for each spelling, indicating that each occurs only in the New Testament, nowhere else in ancient and Hellenistic Greek literature. The spelling μαμμωνᾷ refers to "a Syrian deity, god of riches; Hence riches, wealth"; μαμωνᾶς is transliterated from Aramaic () and also means "wealth." The Authorised Version uses "Mammon" for both Greek spellings; John Wycliffe uses ''richessis''. The Revised Standard Version of the Bible explains it as "a Semitic word for money or riches".〔''Bible – Revised Standard Version'' (RSV), footnotes p6 NT ''Mt 6:24'', Melton Book Company, 1971〕 The International Children's Bible (ICB) uses the wording "You cannot serve God and money at the same time".〔''International Children's Bible'' p. 482 ''Mt 6:24'' (Word Publishing, 2003)〕 Christians began to use mammon as a pejorative, a term that was used to describe gluttony, excessive materialism, greed, and unjust worldly gain. Early mentions of mammon allude to the Gospels, e.g., ''Didascalia'', "''De solo Mammona cogitant, quorum Deus est sacculus''"; and Saint Augustine, "''Lucrum Punice Mammon dicitur''" (Serm. on Mt., ii). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「mammon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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