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mannitol
Mannitol, also known as mannite or manna sugar,〔Cooley's Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts, 6th ed. (1880)〕 is a white, crystalline solid that looks and tastes sweet like sucrose.〔Lawson, P. (2007) ''Mannitol''. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. pp 219–225.〕 Medically it is used to treat increased intracranial pressure. It also has several industrial uses. In plants its purpose is to alleviate osmotic stress.
Serious side effects may include worsening heart failure, electrolyte abnormalities, or low blood volume.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/mannitol.html )〕 It is unclear if it is safe in pregnancy.〔 Mannitol is classified as a sugar alcohol; that is, it is derived from a sugar (mannose) by reduction. Other sugar alcohols include xylitol and sorbitol. Mannitol and sorbitol are isomers, the only difference being the orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 2.〔Kearsley, M. W.; Deis, R. C. (2006) "Sorbitol and Mannitol", pp. 249–261 in ''Sweeteners and Sugar Alternatives in Food Technology''. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 0470659688〕
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. It was originally isolated from the flowering ash and called manna after its resemblance to the Biblical food.
==Uses==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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