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mansio
In the Roman Empire, a ''mansio'' (from the Latin word ''mansus'' the perfect passive participle of ''manere'' "to remain" or "to stay") was an official stopping place on a Roman road, or ''via'', maintained by the central government for the use of officials and those on official business whilst travelling.
==Background==
The roads which traversed the Ancient World, were later surveyed, developed and carefully maintained by the Romans, featuring purpose-built rest stops at regular intervals, known as castra. Probably originally established as simple places of military encampment, in process of time they included barracks and magazines of provisions (horrea) for the troops. Over time the need arose for a more sophisticated form of shelter for travelling dignitaries and officials. The Latin term ''mansio'' is derived from ''manere'', signifying to pass the night at a place while travelling. (The word is likely to be the source of the English word "mansion", though their uses are entirely different). These substantial structures, normally in the form of a villa, were dedicated to the travellers' rest and refreshment. Guests were expected to provide a passport to identify themselves. In many cases infrastructure to sustain them sprang up around the mansio, but also the villas of provincial officials; forts and ultimately even cities.
Ox-drawn carts could travel about 30 km per day; pedestrians a little farther, so each mansio was about 25 to 30 km from the next. At each mansio ''cisiarii'' kept gigs for hire and for conveying government dispatches (Cisium; Essedum). Similar establishments, such as khans or caravanserais, are still found in the East. There were 111 such stations on the royal road from Sardes to Susa,〔Herodotus, ''The Histories'', V.52, 53, VI.118〕 their average distance from one another being something less than 32 km. The khan, erected at the station for the accommodation of travellers, is called by Herodotus and . To stop for the night was .〔Xenophon, ''Anabasis'' I.8; Aelianus, V.H. I.32.〕 As the ancient roads made by the kings of Persia are still followed to a considerable extent,〔', vol. I pt.ii pp. 193‑203, 713‑720〕 so also there is reason to believe that the modern khan, which is a square building, enclosing a large open court, surrounded by balconies with a series of doors entering into plain unfurnished apartments, and having a fountain in the center of the court, has been copied by uninterrupted custom from the Persic , and that, whether on occasion of the arrival of armies or of caravans, they have always served to afford shelter to both man and beast.
The ''Itinerarium Burdigalense'', which is a road book drawn up in 333, mentions in order the ''mansiones'' from Bordeaux to Jerusalem with the intervening ''mutationes'', and other, more considerable places, which are called either civitates, vici, or castella. The number of leagues (league) or of miles between one place and another is also set down.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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