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marimo
''Aegagropila linnaei'', known as in Japanese and as Cladophora ball, Lake ball, Mossimo or Moss Balls in English, is a species of filamentous green algae (Chlorophyta) found mostly in a number of lakes in the northern hemisphere. A marimo is a rare growth form of the species where the algae grow into large green balls with a velvety appearance. Colonies of such balls are only known to form in Iceland, Scotland, Japan, Estonia and now Australia.
==Classification and nomenclature==
They were first discovered in the 1820s by Anton E. Sauter in Lake Zell, Austria. The genus ''Aegagropila'' was established by Friedrich T. Kützing (1843) with ''A. linnaei'' as the type species based on its formation of spherical aggregations, but all the ''Aegagropila'' species were transferred to subgenus ''Aegagropila'' of genus ''Cladophora'' later by the same author (Kützing 1849). Subsequently, ''A. linnaei'' has been accommodated in the genus ''Cladophora'' in the Cladophorales and has been renamed ''Cladophora aegagropila'' (L.) Rabenhorst and ''Cl. sauteri'' (Nees ex Kütz.) Kütz. Extensive DNA research in 2002 returned the name to ''Aegagropila linnaei''. The presence of chitin in the cell walls makes it distinct from the genus ''Cladophora''.
The plant was named "marimo" by a Japanese botanist in 1898 (Meiji 31). ''Mari'' is a bouncy play ball. ''Mo'' is a generic term for plants that grow in water. The native names in Ainu are ''torasampe'' (lake goblin) and ''tokarip'' (lake roller).〔Irimoto, Takashi. 2004. (Creation of the Marimo Festival: Ainu Identity and Ethnic Symbiosis ). Senri Ethnological Studies 66:11–38.〕 They are sometimes sold in aquaria under the name "Japanese moss balls" although they are unrelated to moss. In Iceland the lake balls are called ''kúluskítur'' by the local fishermen at Mývatn (''kúla'' = ball. ''skítur'' = muck) where the "muck" is any weeds that get entangled in their fishing nets. The generic name "''Aegagropila''" (Αεγαγρόπιλα) is Greek for "goat hair".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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