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Marshal (also spelled marshall, esp. in British English)〔() According to Merriam Webster's, ''marshall'' is "considered a spelling error by several commentators" and "In American English, especially, ''marshal'' is the better choice."〕 is a term used in several official titles in various branches of society. As marshals became trusted members of the courts of Medieval Europe, the title grew in reputation. During the last few centuries, it has been used for elevated offices, such as in military rank and civilian law enforcement. ==Etymology== "Marshal" is an ancient loanword from Old (Norman) French (cf. modern French ''maréchal''), which in turn is borrowed from Old Frankish *''marhskalk'' (="stable boy, keeper, servant"), being still evident in Middle Dutch ''maerscalc'', ''marscal'', and in modern Dutch ''maarschalk'' (="military chief commander"; the meaning influenced by the French use). It is cognate with Old High German ''mar(ah)-scalc'' "id.", modern German ''(Feld-)Marschall'' (="military chief commander"; again, the meaning influenced by the French use). It originally and literally meant "horse servant", from Germanic '' *marha-'' "horse" (cf. English ''mare'' and modern German ''Mähre'', meaning "horse of bad quality") and ''skalk-'' "servant" (cf. Old Engl. ''scealc'' "servant, soldier" and outdated German ''Schalk'', meaning "high-ranking servant").〔Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, Deutsches Wörterbuch, Leipzig 1854–1960, Vol. 12 Col. 1673 (Online-Version )〕 This "horse servant" origin is retained in the current French name for ''farrier'': ''maréchal-ferrant''. The late Roman and Byzantine title of ''comes stabuli'' ("count of the stables") was adopted as a Latin analogue, which has become the French ''connétable'' and, derived from the French, the English word ''constable''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「marshal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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