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In Kenya and neighbouring nations, matatu (or matatus) are privately owned minibuses, although pick-up trucks were in the past pressed into service as these East African share taxis.〔For Kenya and neighbouring nations, see (Kenya's Taxi Vans Are Packed and Perilous ) nytimes.com, 24 April 1988 *For private ownership, see (In Nairobi, Kenya puts brakes on its runaway success ) csmonitor.com, 28 June 1999 *For ''matatu'' as minibuses, see (Kenya (page 383) ) Tom Parkinson, Max Phillips, Will Gourlay. Lonely Planet, 2006. 416 pages. 1740597435, 9781740597432. (Google Books) *For past use of pick-up trucks, see (Have You Ever Taken A Matatu? ) glpinc.org. and "Field notes: a matatu, a bike and a walk" Schatz, Enid. Contexts Vol. 2, No. 3 (SUMMER 2003), pp. 58-59〕 Often decorated, many ''matatu'' feature portraits of the famous or slogans and sayings.〔For portraits, see (Nairobi Today: the Paradox of a Fragmented City; Hidden $ Centz: Rolling the Wheels of Nairobi ''Matatu''. Mbugua wa-Mungai. (page 376) ) edited by Helene Charton-Bigot, Deyssi Rodriguez-Torres. African Books Collective, 2010. 404 pages. 9987080936, 9789987080939. (Google Books) *For slogans and sayings, see (Roll over Snoop Dogg, Ocampo is new king of the matatu ) csmonitor.com, 29 January 2010〕 Likewise, the music they play is also aimed at quickly attracting riders. These minibuses ply set routes, run from termini, and are used for both inter- and intra-city travel.〔For set routes, see (Kenya (page 382) ) Tom Parkinson, Max Phillips, Will Gourlay. Lonely Planet, 2006. 352 pages. 1740597435, 9781740597432. (Google Books) *For termini, see (Nairobi Today: the Paradox of a Fragmented City; Hidden $ Centz: Rolling the Wheels of Nairobi ''Matatu''. Mbugua wa-Mungai. (page 374) ) edited by Helene Charton-Bigot, Deyssi Rodriguez-Torres. African Books Collective, 2010. 404 pages. 9987080936, 9789987080939. (Google Books) *For intra and inter-city travel, see (Negotiating social space: East African microenterprises (page 69) ) Patrick O. Alila, Poul O. Pedersen. Africa World Press, 2001. 353 pages. 0865439648, 9780865439641. (Google Books)〕 In addition to a driver, ''matatu'' may be staffed by a conductor.〔(Nairobi Today: the Paradox of a Fragmented City; Hidden $ Centz: Rolling the Wheels of Nairobi ''Matatu''. Mbugua wa-Mungai. (page 371) ) edited by Helene Charton-Bigot, Deyssi Rodriguez-Torres. African Books Collective, 2010. 404 pages. 9987080936, 9789987080939. (Google Books)〕 As of 1999, they were the only form of public transport available in Nairobi, Kenya, although in 2006 and 2008 this was no longer the case.〔For 1999 ''matatu'' as sole form of public transport, see (In Nairobi, Kenya puts brakes on its runaway success ) csmonitor.com, 28 June 1999 *For 2006 other forms of public transport available, see (Kenya (page 382) ) Tom Parkinson, Max Phillips, Will Gourlay. Lonely Planet, 2006. 352 pages. 1740597435, 9781740597432. (Google Books) *For 2008 other forms of public transport available, see (Stuck in Traffic; Urban Transport in Africa (page 6) ) Ajay Kumar & Fanny Barrett. Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic in co-operation with the World Bank, January 2008. Draft Final Report.〕 Kampala, Uganda, may only be serviced by minibuses as of 2008.〔 As of 2014, there are more than 20,000 individual ''matatu'' in Kenya. In 1993, there may have been double that number.〔A 2005 source states, "the ''matatu'' industry was estimated in 1993 to employ 80,000 people directly countrywide." As one taxi can be staffed by both a driver and a conductor, this indicates around 40,000 ''matatu'' were in operation in 1993. (A City under Siege: Banditry & Modes of Accumulation in Nairobi, 1991-2004. Musambayi Katumanga. Review of African Political Economy Vol. 32, No. 106, Africa from SAPs to PRSP: Plus Ca Change Plus C'est la Meme Chose (Dec., 2005), pp. 513)〕 ==Etymology== The name is a colloquialism meaning "three" in Swahili.〔Thugs or Entrepreneurs? Perceptions of matatu Operators in Nairobi, 1970 to the Present. Kenda Mutongi. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute Vol. 76, No. 4 (2006), pp. 550〕〔Edward Harris. "Matatu buses add color, entertainment to Kenya's rutted roads." Sunday Gazette-Mail. Gazette Daily Inc. 2007. HighBeam Research. 13 Jun. 2015 〕 Most sources agree on this point. However, one source claims the word means "cooperative" in Swahili, and another states it derives from the Kikuyu language, not Swahili.〔Otani, Robert. "Menace of Deadly Matatus to Be Curbed." African Business. IC Publications Ltd. 1999. HighBeam Research. 6 Jun. 2015 〕 Most origin explanations rely on the word meaning three. Some maintain that three cents was a typical fare in the 1960s.〔 Another explanation claims the name derives from the Peugeot 504, which could be fitted with three rows of bench seats. It is true that this particular model is associated with the ''matatu''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「matatu」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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