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For eukaryotes, the term mating is most often used to describe the pairing of opposite-sex or hermaphrodite organisms, usually for the purposes of reproduction. The term mating is also applied to related processes in bacteria, archaea and viruses. Mating in these cases involves the pairing of individuals, accompanied by the pairing of their homologous chromosomes and then exchange of genomic information leading to formation of recombinant progeny (see Mating systems). ==Animals== (詳細はfertilization'' is the fusion of both sex cell or gamete. ''Copulation'' is the union of the sex organs of two sexually reproducing animals for insemination and subsequent internal fertilization. Mating may also lead to external fertilization, as seen in amphibians, fishes and plants. For the majority of species, mating is between two individuals of opposite sexes. However, for some hermaphroditic species, copulation is not required because the parent organism is capable of self-fertilization (autogamy); for example, banana slugs. For animals, mating strategies include random mating, disassortative mating, assortative mating, or a mating pool. In some birds, it includes behaviors such as nest-building and feeding offspring. The human practice of mating and artificially inseminating domesticated animals is part of animal husbandry. In some terrestrial arthropods, including insects representing basal (primitive) phylogenetic clades, the male deposits spermatozoa on the substrate, sometimes stored within a special structure. Courtship involves inducing the female to take up the sperm package into her genital opening without actual copulation. In groups such as dragonflies and many spiders, males extrude sperm into secondary copulatory structures removed from their genital opening, which are then used to inseminate the female (in dragonflies, it is a set of modified sternites on the second abdominal segment; in spiders, it is the male pedipalps). In advanced groups of insects, the male uses its aedeagus, a structure formed from the terminal segments of the abdomen, to deposit sperm directly (though sometimes in a capsule called a "spermatophore") into the female's reproductive tract. Other animals reproduce sexually with external fertilization, including many basal vertebrates. Vertebrates (such as reptiles, some fish, and most birds) reproduce with internal fertilization through cloacal copulation (see also hemipenis), while mammals copulate vaginally. File:Korean wolves mating (cropped).jpg|Wolves mating File:LionsMating.jpg|Lions mating File:Snails mating.jpg|Hermaphroditic mating snails (''Cornu aspersum'') File:Tortoise mating.jpg|Mating African spurred tortoises (''Centrochelys sulcata'') File:Borboleta px cp Sta crz 040206 D.JPG|Bordered patch butterflies (''Chlosyne lacinia'') mating on a flower File:Hoverflies mating midair.jpg|Midair mating of ''Simosyrphus grandicornis'', a hoverfly File:Joined moths.JPG|Mating pair of poplar hawk-moths (''Laothoe populi'') File:Ladybird-Coccinellidae-mating.jpg|Ladybugs mating File:Aphrophora alni mating.jpg|Bugs mating (''Aphrophora alni'') 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「mating」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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