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matsya
Matsya ((サンスクリット:मत्स्य), lit. ''fish'') is the avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu in the form of a fish. Often listed as the first avatar in the lists of the ten primary avatars of Vishnu, Matsya is described to have rescued the first man, Manu, from a great deluge. Matsya may be depicted as a giant fish, or anthropomorphically with a human torso connected to the rear half of a fish.
The earliest accounts of the legend associate Matsya with the creator god Prajapati (identified with Brahma). However, Puranic scriptures incorporate Matsya as an avatar of Vishnu. Matsya forewarns Manu about an impending catastrophic flood and orders him to collect all the grains of the world in a boat; in some forms of the story, all living creatures are also to be preserved in the boat. When the flood destroys the world, Manu - in some versions accompanied by the seven great sages - survives by boarding the ark, which Matsya pulls to safety. In later versions of this story, the sacred texts Vedas are hidden by a demon, whom Matsya slays: Manu is rescued and the scriptures are recovered. The tale is in the tradition of the family of flood myths, common across cultures.
==Iconography==
Matsya is depicted in two forms: as a zoomorphic fish or in an anthropomorphic form. In the latter form, the upper half is that of the four-armed man and the lower half is a fish (an exception is a sculpture in the Chennakesava Temple, Somanathapura, which is Matsya as a fish-headed human.〔(Hindu Temple, Somnathpur )〕) The upper half resembles Vishnu and wears the traditional ornaments and the ''kirita-makuta'' (tall conical crown) as worn by Vishnu. He holds in two of his hands the ''Sudarshana chakra'' (discus) and a ''shankha'' (conch), the usual weapons of Vishnu. The other two hands make the gestures of ''varadamudra'', which grants boons to the devotee, and ''abhayamudra'', which reassures the devotee of protection.〔Rao p. 127〕 In another configuration, he might have all four attributes of Vishnu, namely the ''Sudarshana chakra'', a ''shankha'', a gada (mace) and a lotus.〔 The human torso generally wears a shawl and a garland. The shawl, worn over his elbows, may be wrapped such that the switch between the human torso and fish half is hidden. Matsya may be depicted alone or in a scene depicting his combat with a demon. A demon called Shankhasura emerging from a conch is sometimes depicted attacking Matsya with a sword as Matsya combats or kills him. Both of them may be depicted in the ocean, while the god Brahma and/or manuscripts or four men, symbolizing the Vedas may be depicted in the background. In some scenes, Matsya is depicted as a fish pulling the boat with Manu and the seven great sages (Saptarishi) on it.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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