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The maund is the anglicized name for a traditional unit of mass used in British India, and also in Afghanistan, Persia and Arabia:〔.〕 the same unit in the Moghul Empire was sometimes written as ''mun'' in English, while the equivalent unit in the Ottoman Empire and Central Asia was called the ''batman''. At different times, and in different South Asian localities, the mass of the maund has varied, from as low as 25 pounds (11 kg) to as high as 160 pounds (72½ kg): even greater variation is seen in Persia and Arabia.〔.〕〔.〕 In British India, the maund was first standardized in the Bengal Presidency in 1833, where it was set equal to 100 Troy pounds (82.28 lbs. av.). This standard spread throughout the British Raj.〔.〕 After the independence of India and Pakistan, the definition formed the basis for metrication, one maund becoming exactly 37.3242 kilograms.〔.〕〔Schedule 1 to the Standard Weights and Measures Act (No. 89 of 1956).〕 A similar metric definition is used in Nepal. The Old English, 'maund' may also be the origin of Maundy Thursday. As a verb, 'maund' to beg; as a noun, 'a maund'a small basket held out for alms. ==Origins== Anglicized as "maund", the ''man'' as a unit of weight is thought to be of at least Chaldean origin,〔.〕 with Sir Henry Yule attributing Akkadian origins to the word.〔 The Hebrew ''maneh'' (מנה) and the Ancient Greek ''mina'' (μνᾶ) are thought to be cognate.〔〔.〕 It was originally equal to one-ninth of the weight of an ''artaba'' of water,〔.〕 or approximately four to seven kilograms in modern units. The modification of the vowel in the anglicized name is thought to be an indication that the word came into English via Portuguese. The Portuguese version was ''mão'' (, as in the word for "hand"), a regular → development in Portuguese.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「maund」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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