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Mawlid ((アラビア語:مَولِد النَّبِي) ''mawlidu n-nabiyyi'', "Birth of the Prophet", sometimes simply called in colloquial Arabic ''mawlid, mevlid, mevlit, mulud'' among other vernacular pronunciations; sometimes ''mīlād'') is the observance of the birthday of the Islamic prophet Muhammad which is celebrated often on the 12th day of Rabi' al-awwal, the third month in the Islamic calendar.〔 The 12th Day of Rabi' al-awwall is the most popular date from a list of many dates that are reported as the birth date. The origin of Mawlid observance dates back to the period of the early four Rashidun Caliphs of Islam.〔 The celebration of this birthday was further initiated by the Fatimids and it was celebrated in lands under their control.〔http://www.abukhadeejah.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Origins-of-the-Prophets-Birthday-Online.pdf〕 The Ottomans declared it an official holiday in 1588.〔https://books.google.com/books?id=dm7Ups_zsbcC&pg=PA35&dq=mawlid+ottoman+holiday&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gWpmVKL8HraRsQST1YK4Aw&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=mawlid%20ottoman%20holiday&f=false〕 The term ''Mawlid'' is also used in some parts of the world, such as Egypt, as a generic term for the birthday celebrations of other historical religious figures such as Sufi saints.〔 Most denominations of Islam approve of the commemoration of Muhammad's birthday;〔name="Schussman 1998, p">Schussman (1998), p.??〕〔name=Shakir>(). Zaid Shakir.〕 however, some denominations including Wahhabism/Salafism, Deobandism and the Ahmadiyya disapprove its commemoration, considering it an unnecessary religious innovation (bid'ah or bidat).〔name=Mufti Muhammad ibn Adam Hanafi>http://islamqa.org/hanafi/daruliftaa/8579. Mufti Muhammad ibn Adam .〕〔name=Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid>http://islamqa.info/en/249 Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid.〕 ''Mawlid'' is recognized as a national holiday in most of the Muslim-majority countries of the world except Saudi Arabia and Qatar which are officially Wahhabi/Salafi. ==Etymology, and other terms used for the event== Mawlid is derived from the Arabic root word ((アラビア語:ولد)), meaning ''to give birth, bear a child, descendant''.〔(アラビア語:قاموس المنجد) – Moungued Dictionary (paper), or online: (Webster's Arabic English Dictionary )〕 In contemporary usage, Mawlid refers to the observance of the birthday of Muhammad.〔(Mawlid ). Reference.com〕 Other terms used for this event include: *Eid al-Mawlid an-Nabawī – Festival of the birth of the Prophet (''Arabic'') *Eid Milād-un-Nabī – Festival of the birth of the Prophet (''Urdu'') *Eid-e-Meeladun Nabi – The Birth of the Prophet (''Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives, South India'') *el Mūled (en-Nabawi)/Mūled en-Nabi – The birth (of the prophet )/Birth of the prophet (''Egyptian Arabic'') *el Mūled - The birth (''Tunisian Arabic'') *Gamou – ? (''Wolof'') *Mawlûd – Birth of the Prophet (''Arabic'') *Mawlid an-Nabī (pl. al-Mawālid) – The Birth of the Prophet (''Arabic'') *Milād an-Nabī – The Birth of the Prophet (Urdu'') *Maulidur-Rasūl – The Birth of the Messenger of Allah (''Malay'') *Maulid Nabi – The Birth of the Prophet (''Indonesian'') *Maulud Nabi – The Birth of the Prophet (''Malaysian'') *Maulidi – The Birth of the Prophet (''Swahili'', ''Hausa'') *Mawlūd-e Sharīf – The Blessed Birth (''Dari/Urdu'') *Mawlid en-Nabaoui Echarif – The Blessed Birth of the Prophet (''Algerian'') *Mevlid-i Şerif – The Blessed Birth / Mevlüt – The Name (''Turkish'') *Mevlud/Mevlid – The Blessed Birth (''Bosnian'') *Mevlydi – The Blessed Birth (''Albanian'') *Milād-e Payambar-e Akram – The birth of the great/blessed Prophet (''Persian'') *Mulud – The Birth (''Javanese'') *Nabi/Mahanabi Jayanti – The birth of the (great) Prophet (''Sanskrit'', ''South Indian Languages''). ''Maha'' means "great." *Yawm an-Nabī – The Day of the Prophet (''Arabic'') *Mövlüd""" - The birth of the (great) Prophet (''Azeri'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「mawlid」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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