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mbuna
Mbuna (pronounced boo-nuh〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/cichlid/mbuna.php )〕 ) is the common name for a large group of African haplochromine cichlids from Lake Malawi. The name ''mbuna'' means "rockfish" in the language of the Tonga people of Malawi.〔Loiselle Paul V. (1988) ''A Fishkeepers Guide to African Cichlids.'' p 97. Salamander Books, London & New York, ISBN 0-86101-407-3.〕 As the name implies, most mbuna are cichlids that live among the piles of rocks and along the rocky shores of Lake Malawi, as opposed to the utaka and other "haps," cichlids that live in the open water or on sandy shores or soft substrates. Some species of Mbuna are highly sexually dimorphic, although many are not. Among biologists, it is believed that all of the cichlid species of Lake Malawi, including Mbuna and non-mbuna such as the Utaka, were descended from one or a very few species that became cut off from each other through periods of decreasing water levels that formed the three Great rift lakes into many smaller lakes. In isolation they became adapted to their immediate surroundings. With time the waters again rose, and these new species now became adapted again to new environments and new competition. The introduction of these, now highly specialized species to each other, resulted in many strange adaptations and unique behaviors making them some of the most unusual fresh water fish in the world. Their striking colors, intriguing behavioral characteristics, and relative hardiness make them very popular despite their unique demands for the home aquarist.
== Mbuna in aquaria ==
These cichlids are some of the most colorful freshwater fish for the home aquarium. Mbuna are very aggressive and territorial fish, they are not suitable for beginner fishkeepers. A suitable aquarium setting includes many rocks, adequate filtration, caves and hiding places; plants may be uprooted so they are best avoided but a small number will work well in the aquarium. One of these is Java fern, which may become the object of mbuna aggression but will not be eaten due to an undesirable taste.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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