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megacolon
Megacolon is an abnormal dilation of the colon (also called the large intestine). The dilation is often accompanied by a paralysis of the peristaltic movements of the bowel. In more extreme cases, the feces consolidate into hard masses inside the colon, called fecalomas (literally, ''fecal tumor''), which can require surgery to be removed.
A human colon is considered abnormally enlarged if it has a diameter greater than 12 cm in the cecum (it is normally less than 9 cm, greater than 6.5 cm〔) in the rectosigmoid region and greater than 8 cm〔 for the ascending colon. The transverse colon is usually less than 6 cm in diameter.〔
A megacolon can be either acute or chronic. It can also be classified according to etiology.
==Signs and symptoms==
External signs and symptoms are constipation of very long duration, abdominal bloating, abdominal tenderness and tympany, abdominal pain, palpation of hard fecal masses and, in toxic megacolon, fever, low blood potassium, tachycardia and shock. Stercoral ulcers are sometimes observed in chronic megacolon, which may lead to perforation of the intestinal wall in approximately 3% of the cases, leading to sepsis and risk of death.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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