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memantine
Memantine is the first in a novel class of Alzheimer's disease medications acting on the glutamatergic system by blocking NMDA receptors. It was first synthesized by Eli Lilly and Company in 1968. Memantine is marketed under the brands Axura and Akatinol by Merz, Namenda by Forest, Ebixa and Abixa by Lundbeck and Mimetix by Abbott in Latin America, as well as in various generic formulations. Memantine has been shown to have a modest effect in moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease and in dementia with Lewy bodies. Despite years of research, there is little evidence of effect on mild Alzheimer's disease.
== Medical use ==
Memantine is approved by the U.S. FDA and the European Medicines Agency for treatment of moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease, and has now received a limited recommendation by the UK's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence for patients who fail other treatment options.〔NICE technology appraisal January 18, 2011 (Azheimer's disease - donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine and memantine (review): final appraisal determination )〕 Within the new guidance memantine is recommended as an option for managing Alzheimer’s disease for people with: moderate Alzheimer’s disease who are intolerant of or have a contraindication to AChE (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitors or those with severe Alzheimer’s disease.
Memantine has been associated with a moderate decrease in clinical deterioration〔 with only a small positive effect on cognition, mood, behavior, and the ability to perform daily activities in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. There does not appear to be any benefit in mild disease.〔
It has shown promising results in studies for treatment of generalized anxiety disorder, ADHD as well as to help slowing down or even reversing the tolerance development to opioids〔 and, while not yet widely known, it actually gets prescribed off-label for these conditions.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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