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methyllycaconitine
Methyllycaconitine (MLA) is a diterpenoid alkaloid found in many species of ''Delphinium'' (larkspurs).〔J. J. Willaman and H.-L. Liu, ''Lloydia'' (Supplement) (1970) 33 pp. 180-181.〕〔J. B. Harbourne and H. Baxter (1993), ''Phytochemical Dictionary'' p. 153, London: Taylor&Francis〕 In common with many other diterpenoid alkaloids, it is toxic to animals, although the acute toxicity varies with species.〔M. H. Benn and J. M. Jacyno (1983). In ''Alkaloids: Chemical and Biological Perspectives, Vol. 1'', (S. W. Pelletier, Ed.) pp. 153-210, New York: Wiley.〕 Early research was focused on identifying, and characterizing the properties of methyllycaconitine as one of the principal toxins in larkspurs responsible for livestock poisoning in the mountain rangelands of North America.〔 Methyllycaconitine has been explored as a possible therapeutic agent for the treatment of spastic paralyses in man, and it has been shown to have insecticidal properties. Most recently, it has become an important molecular probe for studying the pharmacology of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.〔S. Wonnacott, E. X.Albuquerque and D. Bertrand (1993). In ''Methods in Neurosciences, Vol. 12'', (P. M. Conn, Ed.), pp. 263-275, San Diego: Academic Press〕
==Isolation==
The first isolation of MLA, from ''Delphinium brownii'', Rydb., was probably made by Richard Manske at the National Research Laboratories in Ottawa, Canada, in 1938.〔R. H. F. Manske (1938) ''Can. J. Chem., Sect. B'' 16 57-60.〕 Presumably because he did not obtain the compound in sufficiently pure form, Manske declined to give it a name. The name "methyl-lycaconitine" was assigned by John Goodson, working at the Wellcome Chemical Research Laboratories in London, England, when he isolated the alkaloid, in purer form, from seeds of ''Delphinium elatum'', L. in 1943.〔J. A. Goodson (1943) ''J. Chem. Soc.'' 139-141.〕
A more modern isolation procedure is described by Pelletier and his co-workers, who used seeds of the "garden larkspur", ''Consolida ambigua'' (also referred to as ''Delphinium ajacis'') as their plant source.〔S. W. Pelletier, R. S. Sawhney, H. K. Desai and N. V. Mody (1980) ''J. Nat. Prod.'' 43 395-406.〕
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