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midwife
A midwife is a professional in midwifery. In addition to providing care to women during pregnancy, birth, and postpartum period, midwives may also provide primary care related to reproductive health, including annual gynecological exams, family planning, and menopausal care. Many developing countries are investing money and training for midwives and other community health workers so that they can provide well-woman primary care services that are currently lacking.
Midwives are specialists in pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum, and well-woman health care. They are educated and trained to recognize the variations of normal progress of labor and deal with deviations from normal to discern and intervene in high risk situations, such as breech births, twin births and births where the baby is in a posterior position, using non-invasive techniques. When a pregnant woman requires care beyond the midwife's scope of practice, they refer women to obstetricians or perinatologists who are specialists in complications related to pregnancy and birth, including surgical and instrumental deliveries. In many parts of the world, these professions work in tandem to provide care to childbearing women. In others, only the midwife is available to provide care, and in yet other countries many women elect to utilize obstetricians primarily over midwives.
== Definition and etymology==
According to the definition of the International Confederation of Midwives, which has also been adopted by the World Health Organization and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics:〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.internationalmidwives.org/who-we-are/policy-and-practice/icm-international-definition-of-the-midwife/ )〕
The word derives from Old English ''mid'', "with" and ''wif'', "woman", and thus originally meant "with-woman", that is, the ''woman'' who is ''with'' the mother at childbirth.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/118259 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=midwife )〕 In spite of its origins, the word is used to refer to both male and female midwives.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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