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Mimulus 〔''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607〕 is a diverse plant genus, the monkey-flowers and musk-flowers. The about 150 species are currently placed in the family Phrymaceae. The genus had traditionally been placed in Scrophulariaceae. The removal of ''Mimulus'' from that family has been supported by studies of chloroplast DNA first published in the mid-1990s. Multiple studies of chloroplast DNA and two regions of nuclear rDNA〔Beardsley, P. M. & R. G. Olmstead. 2002. (Redefining Phrymaceae: the placement of ''Mimulus'', tribe Mimuleae, and ''Phryma''. ) ''American Journal of Botany'' 89: 1093-1102.〕 suggest that the genera ''Phryma, Berendtiella, Hemichaena, Leucocarpus, Microcarpeae, Peplidium, Glossostigma, and Elacholoma'' are all derived from within ''Mimulus'' and would need to be rearranged. It is recognized that there are two large groups of ''Mimulus'' species, with the largest group of species in western North America, and a second group with center of diversity in Australia. A few species also extend into eastern North America, eastern Asia and southern Africa. This enlarged group is a part of the newly redefined Phrymaceae. ==Characteristics== Most of the species are annuals or herbaceous perennials, but a few species are subshrubs with woody stems; these are treated in the section ''Diplacus''. ''Diplacus'' is clearly derived from within ''Mimulus s.l.'' and was not usually considered to be generically distinct. Hence, it would not be treated as a genus separate from ''Mimulus'' now, though it might become a section of a yet-to-be defined split from ''Mimulus s.str.''. A large number of the species grow in moist to wet soils with some growing even in shallow water. Some species produce copious amounts of aromatic compounds, giving them a musky odor (hence "musk-flowers"). ''Mimulus'' are called monkey-flowers because some species have flowers shaped like a monkey's face.〔Coombes, A. J. 1985. ''Dictionary of Plant Names''. Portland, Timber Press. page 119. 〕 The generic name, Latin ''mimus'' meaning "mimic actor", from the Greek ''mimos'' meaning "imitator" also references this. The stem of a few species of ''Mimulus'' can be either smooth or hairy, and this trait is determined by a simple allelic difference. At least ''M. lewisii'' is known to possess "flypaper-type" traps and is apparently protocarnivorous, supplementing its nutrients with small insects. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「mimulus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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