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minarchism
Minarchism (also known as minimal statism) is a political philosophy and a form of libertarianism. It is variously defined by sources. In the strictest sense, it holds that states ought to exist (as opposed to anarchy), that their only legitimate function is the protection of individuals from aggression, theft, breach of contract, and fraud, and that the only legitimate governmental institutions are the military, police, and courts. In the broadest sense, it also includes fire departments, prisons, the executive, and legislatures as legitimate government functions.〔Gregory, Anthory.(The Minarchist's Dilemma ). ''Strike The Root''. 10 May 2004.〕 Such states are generally called night-watchman states.
== Ideology ==
Minarchists argue that the state has no authority to use its monopoly of force to interfere with free transactions between people, and see the state's sole responsibility as ensuring that contracts between private individuals and property are protected, through a system of law courts and enforcement. Minarchists generally believe a ''laissez-faire'' approach to the economy will most likely lead to economic prosperity.
Some minarchists argue that a state is inevitable. Another common justification is that private defense and court firms would tend to show bias, unevenly representing the interests of paying clients. Robert Nozick in ''Anarchy, State, and Utopia'' argued that a night watchman state provides a framework that allows for any political system that respects fundamental individual rights.
Ayn Rand is notable for her opposition to taxation, while also holding that the elimination of taxation in a society should occur gradually.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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