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miniseries
A miniseries (also mini-series) is a television program that tells a story in a predetermined, limited number of episodes.
==History==
A miniseries is distinguished from an ongoing television series, which do not usually have a predetermined number of episodes and may continue for several years. Before the term was coined in the USA in the early 1970s, the ongoing episodic form was always called a "serial", just as a novel appearing in episodes in successive editions of magazines or newspapers is called a serial. In Britain, miniseries are often still referred to as serials.
Several commentators have offered more precise definitions of the term. In ''Halliwell's Television Companion'', Leslie Halliwell and Philip Purser argue that miniseries tend to "appear in four to six episodes of various lengths",〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Museum of Broadcast Communication )〕〔Halliwell, Leslie, and Peter Purser, ''Halliwell's Television Companion'', London: Paladin, 1987〕 while Stuart Cunningham in ''Textual Innovation in the Australian Historical Mini-series'' defines a miniseries as, "a limited run program of more than two and less than the 13-part season or half season block associated with serial or series programming."〔〔Cunningham, Stuart. "Textual Innovation in the Australian Historical Mini-series", chapter in ''Australian Television: Programs, Pleasures and Politics'', Sidney: Allen and Unwin, 1989〕 Still, with the proliferation of the format in the 1980s and 90s, television films broadcast over even two or three nights were commonly referred to as miniseries.
In ''Television: A History'', Francis Wheen states, "Both soap operas and primetime series cannot afford to allow their leading characters to develop, since the shows are made with the intention of running indefinitely. In a miniseries on the other hand, there is a clearly defined beginning, middle, and end (as in a conventional play or novel), enabling characters to change, mature, or die as the serial proceeds."〔〔Wheen, Francis; ''Television: A History'', London: Century Publishing, 1985〕
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