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Minocycline (INN) is a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic, and has a broader spectrum than the other members of the group. It is a bacteriostatic antibiotic, classified as a long-acting type. As a result of its long half-life it generally has serum levels 2–4 times that of the simple water-soluble tetracyclines (150 mg giving 16 times the activity levels compared with 250 mg of tetracycline at 24–48 hours). Minocycline is the most lipid-soluble of the tetracycline-class antibiotics, giving it the greatest penetration into the prostate and brain, but also the greatest amount of central nervous system (CNS)-related side effects, such as vertigo. A common side effect is diarrhea. Uncommon side effects (with prolonged therapy) include skin discolouration and autoimmune disorders that are not seen with other drugs in the class. Minocycline is a relatively poor tetracycline-class antibiotic choice for urinary pathogens sensitive to this antibiotic class, as its solubility in water and levels in the urine are less than all other tetracyclines. Minocycline is metabolized by the liver and has poor urinary excretion. Minocycline is not a naturally-occurring antibiotic, but was synthesized semi-synthetically from natural tetracycline antibiotics by Lederle Laboratories in 1966, and marketed by them under the brand name ''Minocin''.〔Redin, G. S. (1966). Antibacterial activity in mice of minocycline, a new tetracycline. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 6, 371.〕 ==Medical uses== Minocycline and doxycycline are frequently used for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Both of these closely related antibiotics have similar levels of efficacy, although doxycycline has a slightly lower risk of adverse side effects. Historically, minocycline has been a very effective treatment for acne vulgaris. However, acne that is caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria is a growing problem in many countries. In Europe and North America, a significant number of acne patients no longer respond well to treatment with tetracycline family antibiotics (e.g. tetracycline, doxycycline and minocycline) because their acne symptoms are caused by bacteria (primarily Propionibacterium acnes) that are resistant to these antibiotics. Minocycline is also used for other skin infections such as MRSA as well as Lyme disease, as the one pill twice daily 100 mg dosage is far easier for patients than the four times a day required with tetracycline or oxytetracycline. Its activity against Lyme disease is enhanced by its superior ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Although minocycline's broader spectrum of activity, compared with other members of the group, includes activity against Neisseria meningitidis, its use as a prophylaxis is no longer recommended because of side effects (dizziness and vertigo). It may be used to treat certain strains of MRSA infection and a disease caused by drug resistant acinetobacter. Both minocycline and doxycycline have shown effectiveness in asthma due to immune suppressing effects. Minocycline as well as doxycycline have modest effectiveness in treating rheumatoid arthritis. It is recognized as a DMARDS (Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drug) by the American College of Rheumatology, which recommends its use as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. A list of indications for which minocycline has been used include; * Amoebic dysentery * Anthrax * Bubonic plague * Cholera * Ehrlichiosis * Gonorrhea (when penicillin cannot be given) * Gougerot-Carteaud syndrome (confluent and reticulated papillomatosis) * Hidradenitis suppurativa * HIV—for use as an adjuvant to HAART * Periodontal disease * Perioral dermatitis〔U.S. National Library of Medicine (2009, Dec 11) ('Perioral dermatitis' ). Retrieved 7 August 2010.〕 * Respiratory infections such as pneumonia * Rocky Mountain spotted fever * Rosacea * Syphilis (when penicillin cannot be given) * Urinary tract infections, rectal infections, and infections of the cervix caused by certain microbes 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「minocycline」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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