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In Judaism, a ''minyan'' ((ヘブライ語:מִנְיָן)(:minˈjan) lit. noun ''count, number''; pl. ''minyanim'' (:minjanˈim)) is the quorum of ten Jewish adults required for certain religious obligations. In more traditional streams of Judaism only men may constitute a minyan; in more modern streams women are also counted. The most common activity requiring a ''minyan'' is public prayer. Accordingly, the term ''minyan'' in contemporary Judaism has taken on the secondary meaning of referring to a prayer service. ==Sources== The source for the requirement of ''minyan'' is recorded in the Talmud. The word ''minyan'' itself comes from the Hebrew root meaning to count or to number. The word is related to the Aramaic word ''mene'', numbered, appearing in the writing on the wall in . Babylonian Talmud The Babylonian Talmud (Megillah 23b) derives the requirement of a ''minyan'' of ten shomer Shabbat for Kiddush Hashem〔Sanhedrin 74b〕 and ''Devarim she-Bikdusha'', "matters of sanctity", by combining three scriptural verses using the rule of : The word "midst" in the verse: :''"And I shall be sanctified in the midst of the children of Israel"'' () also appears in the verse: :''"Separate yourselves from the midst of the congregation"'' () The term "congregation" is also used in another verse that describes the ten spies who brought back a negative report of the Land of Israel: :''"How long shall I bear with this evil congregation which murmur against me?"'' () From this combination, the Talmud concludes that "sanctification" should occur in the "midst" of a "congregation" of ten. Jerusalem Talmud The Jerusalem Talmud (Megillah 4:4) offers two sources for the requirement, also using a : The word "congregation" in the verse: :''"Speak to all the congregation of the children of Israel, and say to them: You shall be holy"'' () is also used in another verse: :''"How long shall I bear with this evil congregation which murmur against me?"'' () Since the term "congregation" in the later verse refers to the ten spies, so too in the former verse: "You shall be holy" refers to a "congregation" of ten. The second source is based on the term "children of Israel" which appears in the following two verses: :''"And I shall be sanctified in the midst of the children of Israel"'' () :''" And the children of Israel came to buy among those that came"'' () Just as the "children of Israel" in the later verse refers to the ten sons of Jacob who descended to Egypt to obtain food during the famine, so too the former verse refers to sanctification among the “children of Israel” in the presence of ten. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「minyan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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