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mirliva
''Mirliva'' or ''Mîr-i livâ'' was a military rank of the Ottoman Army. It corresponds to a Major General (modern Turkish: ''Tümgeneral'') in the modern Turkish Army. ''Mirliva'' is a compound word composed of ''Mir'' (commander in Persian) and ''Liva'' (or Liwa, brigade in Arabic).〔(Mirliva ), Turkish Language Association〕 The rank was junior to the ''Ferik'' (Lieutenant General) and superior to the rank ''Miralay'' (Senior Colonel) in the Ottoman Army and the pre-1934 Turkish Army.
''Mirliva'' was the most junior general rank with the title ''Pasha''.
The collar mark (later shoulder mark) and cap of a ''Mirliva'' had three stripes and one star during the early years of the Turkish Republic. The Ottoman Army and pre-1934 Turkish Army had three general ranks (similar to the British ranking system), while the current Turkish Army has four general ranks (similar to the American ranking system), with the inclusion of Brigadier General (''Tuğgeneral'') as the fourth and most junior general rank.
The title and rank of ''Mirliva'' was abolished with Act No. 2590 of 26 November 1934 on the Abolition of Titles and Appellations such as Efendi, Bey or Pasha.
== Sources ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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