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misogyny
Misogyny () is the hatred or dislike of women or girls. Misogyny can be manifested in numerous ways, including sexual discrimination, belittling of women, violence against women, and sexual objectification of women. Misogyny can be found occasionally within ancient texts relating to various mythologies. In addition, various influential Western philosophers have been described as misogynistic.〔〔 In 2012 the Macquarie Dictionary (which documents Australian English and New Zealand English) expanded the definition to include not only hatred of women but also "entrenched prejudices against women".
== Definitions ==
According to sociologist Allan G. Johnson, "misogyny is a cultural attitude of hatred for females because they are female." Johnson argues that:
Sociologist Michael Flood, at the University of Wollongong, defines misogyny as the hatred of women, and notes:
Dictionaries define misogyny as "hatred of women"〔''The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press (Oxford Univ. Press), () ed. 1993 (ISBN 0-19-861271-0)) (''SOED'') ("()atred of women").〕〔''The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language'' (Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1992 (ISBN 0-395-44895-6)) ("()atred of women").〕〔''Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged'' (G. & C. Merriam, 1966) ("a hatred of women").〕 and as "hatred, dislike, or mistrust of women".〔''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary'' (N.Y.: Random House, 2d ed. 2001 (ISBN 0-375-42566-7)).〕 In 2012, primarily in response to events occurring in the Australian Parliament, the Macquarie Dictionary (which documents Australian English and New Zealand English) expanded the definition to include not only hatred of women but also "entrenched prejudices against women". The counterpart of misogyny is misandry, the hatred or dislike of men; the antonym of misogyny is philogyny, the love or fondness of women.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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