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Misophonia, literally "hatred of sound", is a rarely diagnosed disorder, commonly thought to be of neurological origin, in which negative emotions (anger, flight, hatred, disgust) are triggered by specific sounds. The sounds can be loud or soft. The term was coined by American neuroscientists Pawel Jastreboff and Margaret Jastreboff and is sometimes referred to as selective sound sensitivity syndrome. Misophonia is not classified as a discrete disorder in DSM-5 or ICD-10; in 2013, three psychiatrists at the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam formulated diagnostic criteria for it and suggested that it be classified as a separate psychiatric disorder. A 2013 review of neurological studies and fMRI studies of the brain as it relates to the disorder postulated that abnormal or dysfunctional assessment of neural signals occurs in the anterior cingulate cortex and insular cortex. These cortices are also implicated in Tourette Syndrome, and are the hub for processing anger, pain, and sensory information. Other researchers concur that the dysfunction is in central nervous system structures. It has been speculated that the anatomical location may be more central than that involved in hyperacusis. Several researchers have proposed that misophonia develops through classical conditioning rather than brain dysfunction.〔 Some misophonic individuals responded favorably to treatment protocols that included active extinction or counterconditioning, which are both conditioning processes that allow a conditioned reflex to decay.〔〔 ==Symptoms== People who have misophonia are most commonly angered by specific sounds, such as lip-smacking, slurping, throat-clearing, nail-clipping, chewing, drinking, tooth-brushing, breathing, sniffing, talking, sneezing, yawning, walking, gum-chewing or popping, laughing, snoring, swallowing, gulping, burping, clicking dentures, typing, coughing, humming, whistling, singing, certain consonants, or repetitive sounds.〔Krauthamer, Judith T. (April 2014) Descriptive Statistics of Misophonia.Retrieved online from: https://www.academia.edu/7074008/Descriptive_Statistics_of_Misophonia.〕 Sufferers experience fight/flight symptoms such as sweating, muscle tension, and quickened heartbeat. Some are also affected by visual stimuli, such as repetitive foot or body movements, fidgeting, or movement they observe out of the corners of their eyes. Intense anxiety and avoidance behaviour often develops, which can lead to decreased socialization. Some people feel the compulsion to mimic what they hear or see.〔 Mimicry is an automatic, non-conscious, and social phenomenon. It has a palliative aspect, making the sufferer feel better. The act of mimicry can elicit compassion and empathy, which ameliorates and lessens hostility, competition, and opposition. There is also a biological basis for how mimicry reduces the suffering from a trigger.〔 Individual reports of extreme emotions in response to triggers have been empirically validated by measuring the skin conductance of misophonic individuals exposed to sustained trigger stimuli.〔 Skin conductance began increasing 2 seconds after trigger onset and continued to increase for the duration of the trigger. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「misophonia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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