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Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts in a particular country or socio-economic context,〔(''What Is Money?'' ) By John N. Smithin. Retrieved July-17-09.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=money : The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics )〕 or is easily converted to such a form. The main functions of money are distinguished as: a medium of exchange; a unit of account; a store of value; and, sometimes, a standard of deferred payment.〔T.H. Greco. ''Money: Understanding and Creating Alternatives to Legal Tender'', White River Junction, Vt: Chelsea Green Publishing (2001). ISBN 1-890132-37-3〕 Any item or verifiable record that fulfills these functions can be considered money. Money is historically an emergent market phenomenon establishing a commodity money, but nearly all contemporary money systems are based on fiat money.〔 Fiat money, like any check or note of debt, is without use value as a physical commodity. It derives its value by being declared by a government to be legal tender; that is, it must be accepted as a form of payment within the boundaries of the country, for "all debts, public and private".〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.thewallstreetpsychologist.com/recent_posts/the-etymology-of-money/ )〕 Such laws in practice cause fiat money to acquire the value of any of the goods and services that it may be traded for within the nation that issues it. The money supply of a country consists of currency (banknotes and coins) and, depending on the particular definition used, one or more types of bank money (the balances held in checking accounts, savings accounts, and other types of bank accounts). Bank money, which consists only of records (mostly computerized in modern banking), forms by far the largest part of broad money in developed countries.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://zzaponline.com/history-of-money/ )〕〔Bernstein, Peter, ''A Primer on Money and Banking, and Gold'', Wiley, 2008 edition, pp29-39〕 == Etymology == The word "money" is believed to originate from a temple of Juno, on Capitoline, one of Rome's seven hills. In the ancient world Juno was often associated with money. The temple of Juno Moneta at Rome was the place where the mint of Ancient Rome was located.〔D'Eprio, Peter & Pinkowish, Mary Desmond (1998). ''What Are the Seven Wonders of the World?'' First Anchor Books, p.192. ISBN 0-385-49062-3〕 The name "Juno" may derive from the Etruscan goddess Uni (which means "the one", "unique", "unit", "union", "united") and "Moneta" either from the Latin word "monere" (remind, warn, or instruct) or the Greek word "moneres" (alone, unique). In the Western world, a prevalent term for coin-money has been ''specie'', stemming from Latin ''in specie'', meaning 'in kind'.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Online Etymology Dictionary )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「money」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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