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A moneyer is someone who physically creates money. Moneyers have a long tradition, dating back at least to ancient Greece. They became most prominent in the Roman Republic, continuing into the empire. ==Roman Republican moneyers== In the Roman Republic, moneyers were called ''tresviri aere argento auro flando feriundo'', literally "three men for striking (and) casting bronze, silver (and) gold (coins)". This was a board of the college of the ''vigintisexviri''. The title was sometimes abbreviated III. VIR. AAAFF. or even III. VIR. A.P.F. (''tresviri ad pecuniam feriundum'') on the coinage itself. These men were collectively known as the ''tresviri monetales'' or sometimes, less correctly, as the ''triumviri monetales''. The singular is ''triumvir monetalis''.〔Jones 1999:Mint magistrates〕 In English, they are also sometimes called mint magistrates. In the early times of the Republic, there are few records of any officers who were charged with the superintendence of the mint, and there is little respecting the introduction of such officers apart from a very vague statement from Pomponius. (de Orig. Jur. Dig. 1. tit. 2. § 30.) It was thought by Niebuhr (''Hist, of Rome'', iii. p. 646) that they were introduced at the time when the Romans first began to coin silver, in 269 BC, but modern authors consider this too precise a reading of Pomponius.〔Burnett 1987, p20〕 It is known that a college of three was in existence ca 150 BC.〔Jones 1990:p188〕 A fourth magistrate was added by Julius Caesar in 44 BC during a time when the mint output was particularly large (in preparation for a war against Parthia). These magistrates were responsible for the production of the Roman coinage. They were not simple mint workers (''monetarii''), they were officials who controlled the process, including the design on the coins themselves. Membership in the vigintisexvirate was the first step on the cursus honorum, the age when the post could be held appears to have been approximately 30,〔Harlan 1995:p xiv〕 and there is some evidence that the position was appointed rather than elected.〔Burnett 1977〕 Some coins appear to have been special issues bearing the legend S C or EX S. C. (''ex senatus consulto''). Some of these special issues do not bear the signature of a ''triumvir monetalis'', but the inscription CVR. X. FL. i. e. ''curator denariorum flandorum'', or are signed by praetors (P), aediles (CVR AED), or quaestors (Q). In any case, the magistrate's control of the legend on the coinage lent itself to the production of coins containing political messages. This was self-advertising to further the political career of the moneyers themselves or that of their patrons; in a word, propaganda.〔Luce 1968〕 :''This article incorporates text from Smith 1875, which is in the public domain.'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「moneyer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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