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Monism is the view that attributes oneness or singleness (Greek:μόνος) to a concept (e.g. existence). ''Substance monism'' is the philosophical view that a variety of existing things can be explained in terms of a single reality or substance. Another definition states that all existing things go back to a source that is distinct from them (e.g. in Neoplatonism everything is derived from The One). This is often termed ''priority monism'', and is the view that only one thing is ontologically basic or prior to everything else. Another distinction is the difference between substance and existence monism, or ''stuff monism'' and ''thing monism''.〔Strawson, G. (2014 in press): "Nietzsche's metaphysics?". In: Dries, M. & Kail, P. (eds): "Nietzsche on Mind and Nature". Oxford University Press. (PDF of draft )〕 Substance monism posits that only one kind of stuff (e.g. matter or mind) exists, although many things may be made out of this stuff. Existence monism posits that, strictly speaking, there exists only a single thing (e.g. the universe), which can only be artificially and arbitrarily divided into many things. ==Definitions== There are two sorts of definitions for monism: # The wide definition: a philosophy is monistic if it postulates unity of origin of all things; all existing things go back to a source that is distinct from them. # The restricted definition: this requires not only unity of origin but also unity of substance and essence. Although the term "monism" originated in Western philosophy to typify positions in the mind–body problem, it has also been used to typify religious traditions. In modern Hinduism, the term "absolute monism" is being used for Advaita Vedanta. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「monism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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