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Monsignor (; ''pl.'' monsignori (:monsiɲˈɲoːri)) is an honorific form of address for those members of the clergy of the Catholic Church who have received from the Pope certain ecclesiastical honorific titles. These are granted to individuals who have rendered valuable service to the Church or who provide some special function in Church governance or who are members of bodies such as certain chapters. The title is never bestowed on those classified as religious in Catholicism. Although in some languages the word is used as a form of address for bishops, which is indeed its primary use in those languages, this is not customary in English.〔(Catholic Education Resource Center, "How to Address Church Officials" )〕 ''Monsignor'' is the apocopic form of the Italian ''monsignore'', from the French ''mon seigneur'', meaning "my lord". It is abbreviated Mgr,〔.〕〔.〕〔.〕〔.〕 Msgr, or Mons. "Monsignor" is a form of address, not an appointment: properly speaking, one cannot be "made a monsignor" or be "the monsignor of a parish". The title or form of address is associated with certain papal awards, which Pope Paul VI reduced to three classes: those of Protonotary Apostolic, Honorary Prelate, and Chaplain of His Holiness. Apart from those working in the Roman Curia and the diplomatic service of the Holy See, it is usually on the proposal of the local bishop that the Pope grants this title to Catholic diocesan clergy. The grant is subject to criteria of the Holy See that include a minimum age. Soon after his election in March 2013, Pope Francis suspended the granting of the honorific title of Monsignor except to members of the Holy See's diplomatic service.〔.〕〔.〕 In December of the same year he communicated his definitive decision to accept no further requests from bishops for appointments to any class but that of Chaplain of His Holiness, the lowest of the three classes, and that candidates presented must be at least 65 years old. He himself, during his 15 years as archbishop of Buenos Aires, never asked that any of his priests receive the title, and he was understood to associate it with clerical "careerism".〔 Grants already made were not revoked.〔.〕〔.〕 Appointments to all three classes of awards continue to be granted to officials of the Roman Curia and the diplomatic service of the Holy See, and there was no revocation of privileges granted to certain bodies such as chapters of canons whereby all their members or some of them have the rank of Protonotary Apostolic, Honorary Prelate or Chaplain of His Holiness.〔.〕 Also unaffected is the association of the style with the office of vicar general, an appointment made by the bishop of the diocese, not by the Pope. Without necessarily being a protonotary apostolic, a diocesan priest has that titular rank as long as he remains in office. ==Title and forms of address== Although in some languages, "Monsignore", "Monseigneur", "Monseñor" and the like are normal forms of address for all higher prelates of the Catholic Church below the rank of cardinal or patriarch, including bishops and archbishops, in English bishops are not usually addressed as "Monsignor", a title reserved in English for diocesan priests who have received certain specific honorary awards or who hold certain offices. The written form of address for such a priest is ''Monsignor (first name) (last name)'' or ''The Reverend Monsignor (first name) (last name)''. The spoken form of address is ''Monsignor (last name)''. Before the simplification of ecclesiastical titles in 1969, those of the lowest class were addressed in English as ''The Very Reverend Monsignor'' (in Latin, ''Reverendissimus Dominus''; in Italian, ''Reverendissimo Monsignore'') and those belonging to the higher classes were addressed as ''The Right Reverend Monsignor'' (in Latin, ''Illustrissimus et Reverendissimus Dominus''; in Italian, ''Illustrissimo e Reverendissimo Monsignore'') The 1969 Instruction of the Secretariat of State indicated that the title of "Monsignor" may be used for bishops. This is normal practice in Italian, French and Spanish, but not in English. The same instruction indicated that, in the case of bishops, "Reverendissimus" (usually translated in this case as "Most Reverend", rather than "Very Reverend"), may be added to the word "Monsignor", as also in the case of prelates without episcopal rank who head offices of the Roman Curia, judges of the Rota, the Promotor General of Justice and the Defender of the Bond of the Apostolic Signatura, the Apostolic Protonotaries "de numero", and the four Clerics of the Camera. The (in meaning identical) predicate "His Lordship" or "Your Lordship" is, in English, used as a clerical title only for bishops. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「monsignor」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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