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montmartre
Montmartre ((:mɔ̃.maʁtʁ)) is a large hill in Paris's 18th arrondissement. It is 130 metres high and gives its name to the surrounding district, part of the Right Bank in the northern section of the city. The historic district established by the City of Paris in 1995 is bordered by ''rue Caulaincourt'' and ''rue Custine'' on the north; ''rue de Clignancourt'' on the east; ''boulevard de Clichy'' and ''boulevard de Rochechouart'' to the south.〔 containing sixty hectares.〔''Dictionnaire historique de Paris'', p. 476〕 Montmartre is primarily known for the white-domed Basilica of the Sacré-Cœur on its summit and as a nightclub district. The other, older, church on the hill is Saint Pierre de Montmartre, which claims to be the location at which the Jesuit order of priests was founded.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, during the ''Belle Époque'', many artists had studios or worked in or around Montmartre, including Salvador Dalí, Amedeo Modigliani, Claude Monet, Piet Mondrian, Pablo Picasso, Camille Pissarro and Vincent van Gogh. Montmartre is also the setting for several hit films. This site is served by metro line 2 stations of Anvers, Pigalle and Blanche and the line 12 stations of Pigalle, Abbesses, Lamarck - Caulaincourt and Jules Joffrin.
==Name origin==
The toponym ''Mons Martis'', Latin for "Mount of Mars", survived into Merovingian times, gallicised as Montmartre,〔Bailey K. Young, "Archaeology in an Urban Setting: Excavations at Saint-Pierre-de-Montmartre, Paris, 1975-1977" ''Journal of Field Archaeology'' 5.3 (Autumn 1978:319-329) p 321: "The tradition that a Temple of Mars stood on the south bluff and a Temple of Mercury farther west was known to Early Modern ''érudits''.〕 signifying 'mountain of the martyr'; it owes this name to the martyrdom of Saint Denis,〔The "place called the mont of Mars, now by a happy mutation known as the Mont of Martyrs", ''Miracles of Saint Denis'' (831) quoted in Young 1978:321 note5.〕 who was decapitated on the hill around 250 AD. Denis was the Bishop of Paris and is now known as Saint Denis, patron saint of the Kingdom of France, one of the secondary saint patrons of France.
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