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In music, a mordent is an ornament indicating that the note is to be played with ''a single'' rapid alternation with the note above or below. Like trills, they can be chromatically modified by a small flat, sharp or natural accidental. The term entered English musical terminology at the beginning of the 19th century, from the German ''Mordent'' and its Italian etymon, ''mordente'', both used in the 18th century to describe this musical figure. The word ultimately is derived from the Latin ''mordere'' (to bite). The ''mordent'' is thought of as a rapid single alternation between an indicated note, the note above (the ''upper mordent'') or below (the ''lower mordent'') and the indicated note again. The precise meaning of ''mordent'' has changed over the years. In the Baroque period, a ''mordent'' was a ''lower mordent'' and an ''upper mordent'' was a ''pralltriller'' or ''schneller''. In the 19th century, however, the name ''mordent'' was generally applied to what is now called the ''upper'' mordent, and the ''lower mordent'' became known as an ''inverted mordent''. In other languages the situation is different: for example in German ''Pralltriller'' and ''Mordent'' are still the ''upper'' and ''lower'' mordents respectively. Also note that this ornament in French, and sometimes in German, is spelled ''mordant''. Although mordents are now thought of as just a single alternation between notes, in the Baroque period it appears that a ''Mordent'' may sometimes have been executed with more than one alternation between the indicated note and the note below, making it a sort of inverted trill. Also, mordents of all sorts might typically, in some periods, begin with an extra ''unessential note'' (the lesser, added note), rather than with the ''principal note'' as shown in the examples here. The same applies to trills, which in Baroque and Classical times would typically begin with the added, upper note. Practice, notation, and nomenclature vary widely for all of these ornaments, and this article as a whole addresses an approximate nineteenth-century standard. ==See also== * List of ornaments 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「mordent」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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