|
A mosque (; and ''masjid'', plural ''masājid'') is a place of worship for followers of Islam. There are strict and detailed requirements in Sunni ''fiqh'' for a place of worship to be considered a mosque, with places that do not meet these requirements regarded as ''musallas''. There are stringent restrictions on the uses of the area formally demarcated as the mosque (which is often a small portion of the larger complex), and, in the Islamic ''Sharia'' law, after an area is formally designated as a mosque, it remains so until the Last Day.〔 Many mosques have elaborate domes, minarets, and prayer halls, in varying styles of architecture. Mosques originated on the Arabian Peninsula, but are now found in all inhabited continents. The mosque serves as a place where Muslims can come together for ''salat'' ( ''ṣalāt'', meaning "prayer") as well as a center for information, education, and dispute settlement. The imam leads the congregation in prayer. The mosque played a major part in the spread of education in the Muslim World, and the association of the mosque with education remained one of its main characteristics throughout history, and, the school became an indispensable appendage to the mosque. From the earliest days of Islam, the mosque was the centre of the Muslim community, a place for prayer, meditation, religious instruction, political discussion, and a school. And anywhere Islam took hold, mosques were established, and basic religious and educational instruction began. Once established, mosques developed into well-known places of learning, often with hundreds, even thousands, of students, and frequently contained important libraries In Iraq, pharmacology, engineering, astronomy and other subjects were taught in the mosques of Baghdad, and students came from Syria, Persia and India to learn these sciences. While at the Qarawiyin Mosque, there were courses on grammar, rhetoric, logic, mathematics, and astronomy, and possibly history, geography and chemistry. ==Etymology== The word entered English from a French word which probably derived from Italian ''moschea'', a variant of Italian ''moscheta'', from either Middle Armenian մզկիթ (''mzkit‘'') or Medieval Greek μασγίδιον (''masgídion'') or Spanish ''mezquita'', from the Arabic ''masjid'' meaning "place of worship" or "prostration in prayer", either from Nabataean ''masgĕdhā́'' or from Arabic ''sajada'' meaning "to bow down in prayer", probably ultimately from Aramaic ''sĕghēdh''.〔For the word's origin from French and probable origin from Italian ''moscheta'', see "mosque, n.". ''OED Online''. December 2011. Oxford University Press. (). For the derivation of ''moscheta'' from Arabic ''sajada'' see "mesquita, n.". ''OED Online''. December 2011. Oxford University Press. (). For the probable origin of "sajada" from Aramaic, and the meanings of ''sajada'' and ''masjid'' in Arabic, see "masjid, n.". ''OED Online''. December 2011. Oxford University Press. (). For the inclusion of Spanish ''mesquita'', possible derivation from Nabataean ''masgĕdhā́'', and the Aramaic ''sĕghēdh'', see Klein, E., ''A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language'' (Elsevier Publishing, 1966), p. 1007.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「mosque」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|