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moss
Mosses are small flowerless plants that usually grow in dense green clumps or mats, in damp or shady locations. The individual plants are usually composed of simple, one-cell thick leaves, covering a thin stem that supports them but does not conduct water and nutrients (nonvascular).〔(Mosses, The Plant Underworld, Australian National Botanic Gardens )〕 They do not have seeds or any vascular tissue. At certain times they produce thin stalks topped with capsules containing spores.〔 They are typically tall, though some species are much larger, like ''Dawsonia'', the tallest moss in the world, which can grow to in height.
Mosses are commonly confused with lichens, hornworts, and liverworts.〔Lichens of North America, Irwin M. Brodo, Ms. Sylvia Duran Sharnoff, ISBN 978-0300082494, 2001〕 Lichens may superficially look like mosses, and have a common names that includes the word "moss" (e.g., "reindeer moss" or "iceland moss"), but are not related to mosses.〔 Mosses, hornworts, and liverworts are collectively called "bryophytes". Bryophytes share the properties of not having vascular tissue and producing spores instead of flowers and seeds. Bryophytes have the haploid gametophyte generation as the dominant phase of the life cycle. This contrasts with the pattern in all vascular plants (seed plants and pteridophytes), where the diploid sporophyte generation is dominant.
Mosses are in the phylum (division) Bryophyta, which formerly also included hornworts and liverworts. These other two groups of bryophytes are now placed in their own divisions. There are approximately 12,000 species of moss classified in the Bryophyta.
The main commercial use of mosses is for decorative purposes, such as in gardens and in the florist trade. Traditional uses of mosses included as insulation and for the ability to absorb liquids up to 20 times their weight.
==Physical characteristics==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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