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mu'aqqibat
The Arabic term ''al-mu'aqqibat'' (commonly encountered in the definite plural, Arabic معقبات "those who follow one upon another") is a term occurring in the Quran (Q.13:11) which some Islamic commentators consider to refer to a class of guardian. Therefore also these Angels are also called al hafathah (الحفظة) which means the guarding angels. They protect us from the harm of evil jinn and shaytan (شيطان).angels〔Surah 13. Ar-Ra'd, Ayah 11 Alim.org http://www.alim.org/library/quran/ayah/compare/13/11 "The rendering of the above passage hinges on the meaning given to the term mu'aqqibat - a double plural of mu'aqqib, which signifies "something that comes immediately after another thing" or "succeeds another thing without interruption".〕〔The message of the Quran Muhammad Asad 1984 The rendering of the above passage hinges on the meaning given to the term mu'aqqibat - a double plural of mu'aqqib, ... mu'aqqibat "hosts of angels", ie, the recording angels who attend on every human being, succeeding one another ...〕 who keep people from death until its decreed time.
In Islamic tradition a guardian angel or watcher (angel) (''raqib'' "watcher") is an angel which maintains every being in life, sleep, death or resurrection. The Arabic singular for ''mu'aqqibat'' would be a ''mu'aqqib'' "a person which follows."〔Holy Quran Maulana Muhammad Ali 2011 "Mu'aqqibat (sing. mu'aqqib) is derived from 'aqqaba, meaning he looked to the consequence, or result of the affair (LL). The word may also be translated as meaning those following one another. Such are the angels, who are mentioned as ...〕 These angels are included in the ''hafazhah'' ("the guards") and the concept of the guardian angel in Islam is similar to the concept of the guardian angel in some Jewish and Christian traditions.
Muhammad is reported to have said that every man has ten guardian angels.〔F. A. Klein The religion of Islam 1985 - Page 66 "As these Angels are said to succeed each other in their watch they are called the Mu'aqqibat (معقبت), Muhammad is reported to have said that every man has ten angels (according to some traditions twenty or as many as four hundred), "〕〔Thomas Patrick Hughes -A Dictionary of Islam 1996 Page 366 AL-MU'AQQIBAT〕 Ali ben-Ka'b/Ka'b bin 'Ujrah,〔Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics: Part 8 - Page 618 James Hastings, John A. Selbie - 2003 ".. Tabari (Tafsir, xiii 68, line 16) shows that Qur'an xiii.12 was read by 'All ben-Ka'b with the following variants "he has in front of him mu'aqqibat, and behind him a raqib.""〕〔R. Khanam - ''Demonology: socio-religious belief of witchcraft'' 2003 -Page 192 The Qur'an uses the word raqib to denote the guardian angel of men, and Tabari shows that Qur'an xiii.12 was read by Ali ben-Ka'b with the following variants "he has in front of him mu 'aqqibat, and behind him a raqib."〕 and Ibn 'Abbas〔Jane Dammen McAuliffe Encyclopaedia of the Qurʼān: Volume 5 2006 "For his sake there are those who follow one another (angels, according to Ibn 'Abbas ) , before him and behind him, who guard him by God's commandment" (q I3:1O-Il). The concept of "guardian angels" had already been developed ..."〕 read these as angels.
== Etymology ==
The word al-Mu'aqqibat is the plural of the word al-mua'qqibah. The word is derived from the word 'aqiba meaning heel, from here the word is understood in the sense that it follows the following as his heels at the heels of putting the race. Pattern names used here meaning an emphasis and referred to is the language of the angels who were assigned to follow every creature of God in earnest.
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