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murdochite
Murdochite is a mineral combining lead and copper oxides with formula PbCu6O8-x(Cl,Br)2x(x ≤ 0.5).〔http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/murdochite.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy〕
It was first discovered in 1953 in the Mammoth-Saint Anthony Mine in Pinal County, Arizona by Percy W. Porter, a mining engineer who handpicked a 401.5-mg sample.〔Fahey, Josepf J., (1955) Murdochite, A new Copper Lead Oxide Mineral. American Mineralogist 40, 905-906.〕 Porter would later submit for analysis and it was then that Fred A. Hildebrand suggested that the sample was a new mineral after taking a powder x-ray picture.〔 It was named for Joseph Murdoch (1890–1973), American mineralogist.〔http://www.mindat.org/min-2812.html Mindat.org〕 Murdochite was first suggested to be of a cubic structure.〔Christ, C. L., and Clark, Joan R. (1955) The Crystal Structure of Murdochite. American Mineralogist 40, 907-916.〕 After this suggestion, the term “murdochite-type structure” began to be used when describing a structure that is similar to that of murdochite.〔Winkler, Björn, Chall, Michael, Pickard, Chris J., Milman, Victor, and White, Jim. (2000)Structure of Cu6PbO8. Acta Crystallographica 56, 22-26.〕 Murdochite was later found to be octahedral.〔Dubler, Erich, Vadani, Angelo, and Oswald, Rudolf Hans. (1983) New Structure Determination of Murdochite, Cu6PbO8. Acta Crystallographica 39, 1143-1146.〕
==Composition==
Various studies have examined the composition of murdochite. When murdochite was first discovered, its chemical formula was determined through stoichiometry to be Cu6•1Pb0•9O8•O.〔 The ideal formula for murdochite was originally thought to be Cu6PbO8.〔 Unfortunately, this formula failed to take into consideration the significant amounts of chlorine and bromine present in murdochite. Using electron microprobe analysis, a new chemical composition for murdochite was determined that included chlorine and bromine. This new formula was Cu6+xPb+x(O,Cl,Br)8 and was created with regard to the Cu/Pb variance observed in samples of murdochite from both Hansonburg, New Mexico, and T. Khuni mine, Iran.〔Burke, E. A. J., and Maaskant, P. (1970) New Data on Murdochite. Nues Jahrb. Mineral Montlsh. 558-565. ).〕 Again this new composition was proven incorrect and the formula that is widely accepted today, PbCu6O8-x(Cl,Br)2x(x ≤ 0.5), would be proposed.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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