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mycangium
The term mycangium (pl., mycangia) is used in biology for special structures on the body of an animal that are adapted for the transport of symbiotic fungi (usually in spore form). This is seen in many xylophagous insects (e.g. horntails and bark beetles), which apparently derive much of their nutrition from the digestion of various fungi that are growing amidst the wood fibers. In some cases, as in ambrosia beetles, the fungi are the sole food, and the excavations in the wood are simply to make a suitable microenvironment for the fungus to grow. In other cases (e.g., the southern pine beetle, ''Dendroctonus frontalis''), there are mites which have their own type of mycangium (for historical reasons, mite taxonomists use the term sporotheca), and the mites ride on the beetles.〔Francke-Grossmann H. (1967). ''Ectosymbiosis in wood inhabiting insects''. In: M. Henry (ed.) ''Symbiosis'', Vol. 2. Academic Press, NewYork. pp.141-205.〕
==Origin==
These structures were first described by Professor Helene Francke-Grosmann.〔Francke-Grosmann, H. 1956. Grundlagen der Symbiose bei pilzzüchtenden Holzinsekten. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft 1956: 112–118.〕 Then Batra coined the word mycangia:〔Batra, L. R. 1963. Ecology of ambrosia fungi and their dissemination by beetles. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 66: 213-236.〕 modern Latin, from Greek myco 'fungus' + angeion 'vessel'.
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