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myristoylation
Myristoylation is a lipidation modification where a myristoyl group, derived from myristic acid, is covalently attached by an amide bond to the alpha-amino group of an N-terminal glycine residue. Myristic acid is a 14-carbon saturated fatty acid (14:0) with the systematic name of ''n''-Tetradecanoic acid. This modification can be added either co-translationally or post-translationally. N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) catalyzes the myristic acid addition reaction in the cytoplasm of cells. This lipidation event is common among many organisms including animals, plants, fungi, protozoans and viruses. Myristoylation allows for weak protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions〔 and plays an essential role in membrane targeting, protein-protein interactions and functions widely in a variety of signal transduction pathways.
==Discovery==
In 1982, Koiti Titani's lab identified an "N-terminal blocking group" on the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase from cow as ''n''-Tetradecanoyl. Almost simultaneously in Claude B. Klee's lab, this same N-terminal blocking group was further characterized as myristic acid. Both labs made this discovery utilizing similar techniques: fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.〔〔
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