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Nalewka () is a traditional Polish category of alcoholic beverage. Similar to medicinal tinctures, it is usually 40 to 45% strong (though some can be as strong as 75%), and is made by maceration of various ingredients in alcohol, usually vodka or neutral spirits. Among the ingredients often used are fruits, herbs, spice, sugar or molasses. The name ''nalewka'' is currently being registered for national appellation within the European Union.〔 Unlike ordinary liqueurs, nalewkas are usually aged.〔 Taste-wise, it is similar to apple and fruit-flavored brandies such as calvados or eau-de-vie (or Canadian maple syrup-infused whiskey), but is much sweeter, almost liqueur-like. The name is also misleadingly used for a variety of alcoholic cocktails sold in Poland, usually of low quality and low content of alcohol. It could also be confused with its false friend cognate, ''nalivka'' (Russian, Ukrainian: наливка), popular in Ukraine at least since the 17th century and in Russia at least since the 19th century.〔Наливки на водке и без нее http://www.ermak.su/vodka/nalivki.htm〕 While the Polish nalewka is an infusion, i.e., made by infusing the berry/herb/fruit flavour into hard liquor, the Ukrainian/Russian nalivkas are made by filling the jar with berries, sugar and water, sealing it, and letting the content ferment for about 6 months. Thus, the Ukrainian/Russian nalivkas are much weaker (usually containing not more than 18–20% of alcohol), sweeter and have a more concentrated berry aroma. The proper name for a Russian analogue of a Polish ''nalewka'' would be ''nastoika'', infusion. ((ロシア語:настойка), (ウクライナ語:настоянка), literally, tincture). Large well-stocked Russian bars feature hundreds of such nastoikas, made by infusing various herbs (e.g., tarragon), vegetables (e.g., pepper, horseradish), fruits (e.g., lemon) and berries (e.g., cranberry) into vodka. For example, Stolichnaya exports 15 various nastoikas. ==Ingredients== Most nalewkas have their proper name derived either from their main ingredient or from the name of their traditional place of production. The recipes for nalewkas were at times kept secret by some of the szlachta families, and they were only given to the senior children upon the death of the father.〔 Common ingredients of nalewkas are fruits, herbs, spices, coffee, honey, sugar, and molasses. Some examples of ingredients: * Anise (''anyżówka'') * Apricots (''morelówka'') * Blackcurrants (''porzeczkówka'') * Cherries (''wiśniówka'') * Common hawthorn (''głogówka'') * Cornus mas (''dereniówka'') * Ginger (''imbirówka'') * Green Persian walnuts (''orzechówka'') * Juniper (''jałowcówka'') * Wormwood (''piołunówka'') 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「nalewka」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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