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''Namaste'' (, ; Hindi/Nepali: नमस्ते ), ), sometimes spoken as ''Namaskar'', ''Namaskaram'' or ''Vanakkam'', is a respectful form of greeting in Hindu custom, found on the Indian Subcontinent mainly in Nepal and India and among the Indian diaspora.〔Ying, Y. W., Coombs, M., & Lee, P. A. (1999), Family intergenerational relationship of Asian American adolescents, Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 5(4), pp. 350–363〕〔Bhatia, S., & Ram, A. (2009). Theorizing identity in transnational and diaspora cultures: A critical approach to acculturation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 33(2), pp. 140–149〕〔D. Ikeda, D. & V.P. Nanda (2004), The Spirit of India: Buddhism and Hinduism (2), Journal of Oriental Studies, 14, pp. 3–47〕 It is used both for salutation and valediction.〔(Sanskrit English Disctionary ) University of Koeln, Germany〕〔Constance Jones and James D. Ryan, Encyclopedia of Hinduism, ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9, p. 302〕 ''Namaste'' is usually spoken with a slight bow and hands pressed together, palms touching and fingers pointing upwards, thumbs close to the chest. This gesture is called ''Añjali Mudrā'' or ''Pranamasana''.〔.〕 In Hinduism it means "I bow to the divine in you".〔〔Lawrence, J. D. (2007), The Boundaries of Faith: A Journey in India, Homily Service, 41(2), pp. 1–3〕 The greeting may also be spoken without the gesture or the gesture performed wordlessly, carrying the same meaning. == Etymology, meaning and origins == ''Namaste'' (''Namas'' + ''te'', Devanagari: नमस् + ते = नमस्ते) is derived from Sanskrit and is a combination of the word ''namaḥ'' and the enclitic 2nd person singular pronoun ''te''.〔Thomas Burrow, ''The Sanskrit Language'', pp. 263–268〕 The word ''namaḥ'' takes the Sandhi form ''namas'' before the sound ''t''.〔Thomas Burrow, ''The Sanskrit Language'', pp. 100–102〕〔(Namah ) Sanskrit Dictionary〕 ''Namaḥ'' means 'bow', 'obeisance', 'reverential salutation' or 'adoration'〔.〕 and ''te'' means 'to you' (dative case). Therefore, ''Namaste'' literally means "bowing to you".〔(Namaste ) Douglas Harper, Etymology Dictionary〕 A less common variant is used in the case of three or more people being addressed namely ''Namo vaḥ'' which is a combination of ''namaḥ'' and the enclitic 2nd person plural pronoun ''vaḥ''.〔Thomas Burrow, ''The Sanskrit Language'', pp. 263–268〕 The word ''namaḥ'' takes the Sandhi form ''namo'' before the sound ''v''.〔Thomas Burrow, ''The Sanskrit Language'', pp. 100–102〕 An even less common variant is used in the case of two people being addressed, namely, ''Namo vām'', which is a combination of ''namaḥ'' and the enclitic 2nd person dual pronoun ''vām''.〔Thomas Burrow, ''The Sanskrit Language'', pp. 263–268〕 Excavations for Indus civilization have revealed many male and female terracotta figures in ''Namaste'' posture.〔Sharma & Sharma (2004), Panorama of Harappan Civilization, ISBN 978-8174790576, Kaveri Books, page 129〕〔(Origins of Hinduism ) Hinduism Today, Volume 7, Issue 2 (April/May/June), Chapter 1, p. 3〕 These archeological findings are dated to be between 3000 BC to 2000 BC.〔(Seated Male in Namaskar pose ) National Museum, New Delhi, India (2012)〕〔S Kalyanaraman, Indus Script Cipher: Hieroglyphs of Indian Linguistic Area, ISBN 978-0982897102, pp. 234–236〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「namaste」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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