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''See for an exhaustive list of articles related to this subject. What follows is an introduction.'' Nanomaterials describe, in principle, materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension) between 1 and 1000 nanometers (10−9 meter) but is usually 1—100 nm (the usual definition of nanoscale). Nanomaterials research takes a materials science-based approach to nanotechnology, leveraging advances in materials metrology and synthesis which have been developed in support of microfabrication research. Materials with structure at the nanoscale often have unique optical, electronic, or mechanical properties. ==Natural nanomaterials== Biological systems often feature natural, functional nanomaterials. The structure of foraminifera (mainly chalk) and viruses (protein, capsid), the wax crystals covering a lotus or nasturtium leaf, spider and spider-mite silk,〔(Novel natural nanomaterial spins off from spider-mite genome sequencing ). Phys.Org (May 23, 2013)〕 the blue hue of tarantulas,〔(Why Are Tarantulas Blue? )〕 the "spatulae" on the bottom of gecko feet, some butterfly wing scales, natural colloids (milk, blood), horny materials (skin, claws, beaks, feathers, horns, hair), paper, cotton, nacre, corals, and even our own bone matrix are all natural ''organic'' nanomaterials. Natural ''inorganic'' nanomaterials occur through crystal growth in the diverse chemical conditions of the earth's crust. For example, clays display complex nanostructures due to anisotropy of their underlying crystal structure, and volcanic activity can give rise to opals, which are an instance of a naturally occurring photonic crystals due to their nanoscale structure. Fires represent particularly complex reactions and can produce pigments, cement, fumed silica etc. File:Kapsid Schema-01.png|Viral capsid File:Lotoseffekt.jpg|"Lotus effect", hydrophobic effect with self-cleaning ability File:Gecko foot on glass.JPG|Close-up of the underside of a gecko's foot as it walks on a glass wall. (spatula: 200 × 10-15 nm). File:SEM image of a Peacock wing, slant view 4.JPG|REM scan of a butterfly wing scale (× 5000) File:Trevarno, pavo cristatus06.jpg|Peacock wing (detail) File:62cts Brazilian Crystal Opal.JPG|Brazilian Crystal Opal. The play of color is caused by the interference and diffraction of light between silica spheres (150 - 300 nm in diameter). File:Brit Mus 13sept10 brooches etc 046.jpg|Lycurgus Cup, glass, 4th century, Roman. Nanoparticles (70 nm) of gold and silver, dispersed in colloidal form, are responsible for the dichroic effect (red/green). File:Lasiodora parahybana, claws.JPG|Blue hue of a species of tarantula (450 nm ± 20 nm) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「nanomaterials」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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