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Narcissism is the pursuit of gratification from vanity or egotistic admiration of one's own attributes. The term originated from Greek mythology, where the young Narcissus fell in love with his own image reflected in a pool of water. Narcissism is a concept in psychoanalytic theory, which was popularly introduced in Sigmund Freud's essay ''On Narcissism'' (1914). The American Psychiatric Association has had the classification narcissistic personality disorder in its ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'' (DSM) since 1968, drawing on the historical concept of megalomania. Narcissism is also considered a social or cultural problem. It is a factor in trait theory used in some self-report inventories of personality such as the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory. It is one of the three dark triadic personality traits (the others being psychopathy and Machiavellianism). Except in the sense of primary narcissism or healthy self-love, narcissism is usually considered a problem in a person's or group's relationships with self and others. Narcissism is not the same as egocentrism. == History == (詳細はNarcissus, a handsome Greek youth who rejected according to Ovid the desperate advances of the nymph Echo. These advances eventually led Narcissus to fall in love with his own reflection in a pool of water. Unable to consummate his love, Narcissus "lay gazing enraptured into the pool, hour after hour," and finally changed into a flower that bears his name, the narcissus. The concept of excessive selfishness has been recognized throughout history. In ancient Greece the concept was understood as hubris. It is only in recent times that it has been defined in psychological terms. * In 1752 Jean-Jacques Rousseau's play ''Narcissus: or the Self-Admirer'' was performed in Paris * In 1898 Havelock Ellis, an English sexologist, used the term "Narcissus-like" in reference to excessive masturbation, whereby the person becomes his or her own sex object〔Millon, Theodore, Personality Disorders in Modern Life, 2004〕 * In 1899, Paul Näcke was the first person to use the term "narcissism" in a study of sexual perversions * Otto Rank in 1911 published the first psychoanalytical paper specifically concerned with narcissism, linking it to vanity and self-admiration〔 * Sigmund Freud published a paper exclusively devoted to narcissism in 1914 called On Narcissism: An Introduction〔(Freud, Sigmund, On Narcissism: An Introduction ), 1914〕 * In 1923, Martin Buber published an essay "''Ich und Du''" (I and You), in which he pointed out that our narcissism often leads us to relate to others as objects instead of as equals * Since 2000, on psychological tests designed to detect narcissism, the scores of residents of the United States have continually increased. Psychologists have suggested a link to social networking.〔(Person of the Year 2010 Mark Zuckerberg Time Magazine December 15, 2010 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「narcissism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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