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nekyia
In ancient Greek cult-practice and literature, a ''nekyia'' () is a "rite by which ghosts were called up and questioned about the future," i.e., necromancy. A ''nekyia'' is not necessarily the same thing as a ''katabasis''. While they both afford the opportunity to converse with the dead, only a ''katabasis'' is the actual, physical journey to the underworld undertaken by several heroes in Greek and Roman myth.
In common parlance, however, the term "nekyia" is often used to subsume both types of event, so that by Late Antiquity for example "Olympiodorus ... claimed that three () myths were classified as nekyia (an underworld story, as in Homer's ''Odyssey'' book 11)".〔Gary A. Stilwell, ''Afterlife'' (2005) p. 11〕
==Questioning ghosts==
A number of sites in Greece and Italy were dedicated wholly or in part to this practice. "The Underworld communicated with the earth by direct channels. These were caverns whose depths were unplumbed, like that of Heraclea Pontica."〔Felix Guirand ed., ''The New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology'' (1968) p. 164〕 The most notable was the Necromanteion in the northwestern Greek town of Ephyra. Other oracles of the dead could be found at Taenaron and Avernus. Such specialized locations, however, were not the only places necromancy was performed. One could also perform the rite at a tomb, for example. Among the gods associated with the ''nekyia'' rite are Hades, his wife Persephone, Hecate, and Hermes (in his capacity as psychopompus – one who escorted souls to Hades).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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