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are miniature sculptures that were invented in 17th-century Japan to serve a practical function (the two Japanese characters ''ne''+''tsuke'' mean "root" and "to attach"). Traditional Japanese garments—robes called ''kosode'' and ''kimono''—had no pockets; however, men who wore them needed a place to store their personal belongings, such as pipes, tobacco, money, seals, or medicines. Their solution was to place such objects in containers (called ''sagemono'') hung by cords from the robes' sashes (''obi''). The containers may have been pouches or small woven baskets, but the most popular were beautifully crafted boxes (''inrō''), which were held shut by ''ojime'', which were sliding beads on cords. Whatever the form of the container, the fastener that secured the cord at the top of the sash was a carved, button-like toggle called a ''netsuke''. ''Netsuke'', like the ''inrō'' and ''ojime'', evolved over time from being strictly utilitarian into objects of great artistic merit and an expression of extraordinary craftsmanship. Such objects have a long history reflecting the important aspects of Japanese folklore and life. ''Netsuke'' production was most popular during the Edo period in Japan, around 1615–1868. Today, the art lives on, and some modern works can command high prices in the UK, Europe, the USA, Japan and elsewhere. Inexpensive yet faithful reproductions are available in museums and souvenir shops. == Forms == * ''katabori-netsuke'' (形彫根付) or "sculpture ''netsuke''" - This is the most common type of ''netsuke''. They are compact three-dimensional figures carved in a round shape and are usually around one to three inches high. * ''anabori-netsuke'' (穴彫根付) or "hollowed ''netsuke''" - subset of ''katabori'' which are carved out for a hollow center. Clams are most commonly the motifs for this type of ''netsuke''. * ''sashi-netsuke'' (差根付) - This is an elongated form of ''katabori'', literally "stab" ''netsuke'', similar in length to the sticks and gourds used as improvised ''netsuke'' before carved pieces were produced. They are about six inches long. * ''obi-hasami'' - another elongated netsuke with a curved top and bottom. It sits behind the ''obi'' with the curved ends visible above and below the ''obi''. * ''men-netsuke'' (面根付) or "mask ''netsuke''" - the largest category after ''katabori''. These were often imitations of full-size noh masks and share characteristics in common with both ''katabori'' and ''manju''/''kagamibuta''. * ''manjū-netsuke'' (饅頭根付) - a thick, flat, round netsuke, with carving usually done in relief, sometimes made of two ivory halves. Shaped like a ''manjū'', a Japanese confection. * ''ryūsa-netsuke'' (柳左根付）- shaped like a ''manjū'', but carved like lace, so that light is transmitted through the item. * ''kagamibuta-netsuke'' (鏡蓋根付) or "mirror-lid ''netsuke''" - shaped like a ''manjū'', but with a metal disc serving as a lid to a shallow bowl, usually of ivory. The metal is often highly decorated with a wide variety of metallurgical techniques. * ''karakuri-netsuke'' (からくり根付) or "trick/mechanism ''netsuke''" - any netsuke that has moving parts or hidden surprises. Image:KataboriNetsuke.jpg|''Katabori-netsuke'' Image:AnaboriNetsuke.jpg|''Anabori-netsuke'' Image:MaskNetsuke.jpg|Mask ''netsuke'' Image:RyusaNetsuke.jpg|''Ryūsa-netsuke'' Image:ManjuNetsuke.jpg|''Manjū-netsuke'' Image:KagamibutaNetsuke.jpg|''Kagamibuta-netsuke'' Image:TrickNetsuke.jpg|Trick ''netsuke'' Image:Obihasami.jpg|''Obi-hasami sashi-netsuke'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「netsuke」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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