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neurosphere
A neurosphere is a culture system composed of free-floating clusters of neural stem cells. Since neural stem cells cannot be studied ''in vivo'', neurospheres provide a method to investigate neural precursor cells ''in vitro''. Putative neural stem cells are suspended in a medium lacking adherent substrates but containing necessary growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor. This allows the neural stem cells to form into the characteristic 3-D clusters. However, neurospheres are not identical to stem cells; rather, they only contain a small percent of neural stem cells.〔Kempermann, Gerd. ''Adult Neurogenesis''. Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 66-78. ISBN 978-0-19-517971-2〕
The predominant use of the neurosphere is in the neurosphere assay. However, in vitro and in vivo environments have shown to have different inductive effects on precursor cells. The creation of the neurosphere assay is highly sensitive; it is still unclear as to the exact differing effects that environment produces, relative to the ''in vivo'' environment.〔
==History==
Reynolds and Weiss first described the neurosphere method of investigating neural precursor cells in 1992. The method was continued through the work of Angelo Viscovi and Derek van der Kooy and colleagues.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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