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newspeak
Newspeak is the fictional language in the novel ''Nineteen Eighty-Four'', written by George Orwell. It is a controlled language created by the totalitarian state Oceania as a tool to limit freedom of thought, and concepts that pose a threat to the regime such as freedom, self-expression, individuality, and peace. Any form of thought alternative to the party’s construct is classified as "thoughtcrime".
Newspeak is explained in chapters 4 and 5 of ''Nineteen Eighty-Four'', and in an appendix to the book. The language follows, for the most part, the same grammatical rules as English, but has a much more limiting, and constantly shifting vocabulary. Any synonyms or antonyms, along with undesirable concepts are eradicated. The goal is for everyone except the Proles — the working-class citizens of Oceania — to be speaking this language by the year 2050. In the meantime, Oldspeak (current English) is still in common usage with Newspeak interspersed into conversation.
Orwell was inspired to invent Newspeak by the constructed language Basic English, which he promoted from 1942 to 1944 before emphatically rejecting it in his essay "Politics and the English Language." In this paper he deplores the bad English of his day, citing dying metaphors, pretentious diction or rhetoric, and meaningless words, which he saw as encouraging unclear thought and reasoning. Towards the end of the essay, Orwell states: “I said earlier that the decadence of our language is probably curable. Those who deny this would argue, if they produced an argument at all, that language merely reflects existing social conditions, and that we cannot influence its development by any direct tinkering with words or constructions."
Newspeak's contracted forms, such as ''Ingsoc'' and ''Minitrue, ''are inspired by the Russian syllabic abbreviations used for concepts relating to the government and society of the USSR, such as ''politburo, Comintern, kolkhoz ("''collective farm") and'' Komsomol ''("Young Communists' League"), many of which found their way into the speech of Communists in other countries.
==Basic principles==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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